वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-3, chapter-10, verse-83

मार्गं निरोद्धुं सततं भास्करस्याचलोत्तमः ।
संदेशं पालयंस्तस्य विन्ध्यशौलो न वर्धते ॥८३॥

83. mārgaṃ niroddhuṃ satataṃ bhāskarasyācalottamaḥ ,
saṃdeśaṃ pālayaṃstasya vindhyaśaulo na vardhate.

83. mārgam niroddhum satatam bhāskarasya acala uttamaḥ
sandeśam pālayan tasya vindhyaśailaḥ na vardhate

83. acala uttamaḥ vindhyaśailaḥ bhāskarasya mārgam
satatam niroddhum tasya sandeśam pālayan na vardhate

83. To continuously obstruct the path of the sun, the excellent Vindhya mountain does not grow, obeying his command.

Words meanings summery:

• मार्गम् (mārgam) - path, road, way, course

• निरोद्धुम् (niroddhum) - to obstruct, to block, to hinder

• सततम् (satatam) - continuously, always, constantly

• भास्करस्य (bhāskarasya) - of the sun, of the creator of light

• अचल (acala) - mountain, immovable

• उत्तमः (uttamaḥ) - best, highest, foremost

• सन्देशम् (sandeśam) - message, command, instruction

• पालयन् (pālayan) - obeying (protecting, observing, maintaining)

• तस्य (tasya) - his (Agastya's) (his, its, of that)

• विन्ध्यशैलः (vindhyaśailaḥ) - the Vindhya mountain

• न (na) - not, no

• वर्धते (vardhate) - grows, increases, prospers

Words meanings and morphology

मार्गम् (mārgam) - path, road, way, course

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mārga

mārga - path, road, way, course, track, search

Note: Object of 'niroddhum'.

निरोद्धुम् (niroddhum) - to obstruct, to block, to hinder

(verb)

active, infinitive (tumun) of niroddhu

Infinitive

Infinitive form from root √rudh with prefix ni-

Prefix: ni

Root: rudh (class 7)

सततम् (satatam) - continuously, always, constantly

(indeclinable)

भास्करस्य (bhāskarasya) - of the sun, of the creator of light

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of bhāskara

bhāskara - sun, maker of light

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (bhās+kara)

• bhās – light, splendor, radiance
  noun (masculine)
• kara – maker, doer, hand, ray
  noun (masculine)
  Agent noun from root √kṛ
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

अचल (acala) - mountain, immovable

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of acala

acala - immovable, steady, mountain

Derived from 'cal' (to move) with negative prefix 'a-'

Compound type : Nañ-Tatpuruṣa (a+cala)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
• cala – moving, tremulous, unsteady
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from root √cal
  Root: cal (class 1)

Note: Part of the sandhi 'acalottamaḥ', here separated.

उत्तमः (uttamaḥ) - best, highest, foremost

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of uttama

uttama - best, highest, foremost, excellent

Note: Qualifies 'vindhyaśailaḥ'.

सन्देशम् (sandeśam) - message, command, instruction

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sandeśa

sandeśa - message, command, instruction, direction

Prefix: sam

Root: diś (class 6)

Note: Object of 'pālayan'.

पालयन् (pālayan) - obeying (protecting, observing, maintaining)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pālayat

pālayat - protecting, observing, guarding, governing

Present Active Participle

Present active participle from causative of root √pā (to protect)

Root: pā (class 2)

Note: Acts adverbially, describing the agent 'vindhyaśailaḥ'.

तस्य (tasya) - his (Agastya's) (his, its, of that)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Agastya.

विन्ध्यशैलः (vindhyaśailaḥ) - the Vindhya mountain

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vindhyaśaila

vindhyaśaila - Vindhya mountain, the Vindhyas

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (Karma-Dhāraya) (vindhya+śaila)

• vindhya – Vindhya (mountain range)
  proper noun (masculine)
• śaila – mountain, rock
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from śilā (rock)

Note: Subject of the sentence.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates the verb 'vardhate'.

वर्धते (vardhate) - grows, increases, prospers

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of vardh

Present Tense

3rd person singular Present tense, Ātmanepada

Root: vṛdh (class 1)