मार्कण्डेय-पुराणम्
mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇam
-
chapter-50, verse-91
अदत्त्वा भुञ्जते ये वै बन्धोः पिण्डं तथोदकम् ।
सपिण्डान् सोदकांश्चैव तत्काले तान् नरान् भज ॥९१॥
सपिण्डान् सोदकांश्चैव तत्काले तान् नरान् भज ॥९१॥
91. adattvā bhuñjate ye vai bandhoḥ piṇḍaṃ tathodakam .
sapiṇḍān sodakāṃścaiva tatkāle tān narān bhaja.
sapiṇḍān sodakāṃścaiva tatkāle tān narān bhaja.
91.
adattvā bhuñjate ye vai bandhoḥ piṇḍam tathā udakam
sapiṇḍān sodakān ca eva tatkāle tān narān bhaja
sapiṇḍān sodakān ca eva tatkāle tān narān bhaja
91.
Indeed, those who consume (food) without offering the rice-ball (piṇḍa) and water (udaka) to their kinsmen (bandhu), you should torment those men—the sapiṇḍas (related by rice-ball offerings) and sodakas (related by water offerings)—at that very moment.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- अदत्त्वा (adattvā) - without giving, not having given
- भुञ्जते (bhuñjate) - they consume (food) (they eat, they enjoy, they consume)
- ये (ye) - who, those who
- वै (vai) - indeed, certainly (emphatic particle)
- बन्धोः (bandhoḥ) - of a kinsman, relative
- पिण्डम् (piṇḍam) - rice-ball (offering for ancestors) (a ball, lump, especially a rice-ball offering for ancestors)
- तथा (tathā) - and, likewise
- उदकम् (udakam) - water (offering for ancestors) (water)
- सपिण्डान् (sapiṇḍān) - those related by common offerings of rice-balls to ancestors
- सोदकान् (sodakān) - those related by common water offerings to ancestors
- च (ca) - and
- एव (eva) - indeed, only, certainly (emphatic particle)
- तत्काले (tatkāle) - at that very moment (at that time, then, at that very moment)
- तान् (tān) - those (men)
- नरान् (narān) - men, people
- भज (bhaja) - (you, O Yakṣa) torment, afflict ((you) torment, seize, afflict, resort to, serve)
Words meanings and morphology
अदत्त्वा (adattvā) - without giving, not having given
(indeclinable)
Absolutive (Gerund)
Formed with suffix tvā and negative prefix a-.
Prefix: a-
Root: dā (class 3)
Note: Expresses an action completed before the main verb.
भुञ्जते (bhuñjate) - they consume (food) (they eat, they enjoy, they consume)
(verb)
3rd person , plural, middle, present (laṭ) of bhuj
Present tense, middle voice
From root bhuj.
Root: bhuj (class 7)
Note: Refers to 'those who' (ye).
ये (ye) - who, those who
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of yad
yad - who, which, what
Relative pronoun stem.
Note: Refers to the men who do not offer.
वै (vai) - indeed, certainly (emphatic particle)
(indeclinable)
बन्धोः (bandhoḥ) - of a kinsman, relative
(noun)
Genitive, masculine, singular of bandhu
bandhu - kinsman, relative, friend, connection
From root bandh (to bind).
Root: bandh (class 9)
Note: Refers to deceased kinsmen, specifically ancestors requiring offerings.
पिण्डम् (piṇḍam) - rice-ball (offering for ancestors) (a ball, lump, especially a rice-ball offering for ancestors)
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of piṇḍa
piṇḍa - a ball, lump, body, an offering of rice-balls to ancestors
Note: Object of adattvā.
तथा (tathā) - and, likewise
(indeclinable)
Note: Connects piṇḍam and udakam.
उदकम् (udakam) - water (offering for ancestors) (water)
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of udaka
udaka - water
Root: und
Note: Object of adattvā.
सपिण्डान् (sapiṇḍān) - those related by common offerings of rice-balls to ancestors
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, plural of sapiṇḍa
sapiṇḍa - related by common offerings of rice-balls (piṇḍa) to ancestors; a kinsman within certain degrees of relationship
sa (with) + piṇḍa (rice-ball)
Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sa+piṇḍa)
- sa – with, together with
indeclinable
Prefix. - piṇḍa – a ball, lump, rice-ball offering
noun (masculine)
Note: Object of bhaja.
सोदकान् (sodakān) - those related by common water offerings to ancestors
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, plural of sodaka
sodaka - related by common water offerings (udaka) to ancestors; a kinsman within certain degrees of relationship, sharing water libations
sa (with) + udaka (water)
Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sa+udaka)
- sa – with, together with
indeclinable
Prefix. - udaka – water, water offering
noun (neuter)
Root: und
Note: Object of bhaja.
च (ca) - and
(indeclinable)
Note: Conjunction.
एव (eva) - indeed, only, certainly (emphatic particle)
(indeclinable)
Emphatic particle.
Note: Adds emphasis to the preceding phrase.
तत्काले (tatkāle) - at that very moment (at that time, then, at that very moment)
(noun)
Locative, masculine, singular of tatkāla
tatkāla - that time, the very moment
tad (that) + kāla (time)
Compound type : karmadhāraya (tad+kāla)
- tad – that, those
pronoun
Demonstrative pronoun stem. - kāla – time, season
noun (masculine)
Root: kal (class 10)
Note: Adverbial usage 'at that time'.
तान् (tān) - those (men)
(pronoun)
Accusative, masculine, plural of tad
tad - that, those
Demonstrative pronoun stem.
Note: Refers to narān.
नरान् (narān) - men, people
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, plural of nara
nara - man, person, human being
Root: nṛ
Note: Object of bhaja.
भज (bhaja) - (you, O Yakṣa) torment, afflict ((you) torment, seize, afflict, resort to, serve)
(verb)
2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of bhaj
Imperative, active voice
From root bhaj.
Root: bhaj (class 1)
Note: Addressed to the yakṣa from the previous verse.