मार्कण्डेय-पुराणम्
mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇam
-
chapter-50, verse-59
अब्रह्मचारिणाधीतमिज्या चाविदुषा कृता ।
तपोवने ग्राम्यभुजां तथैवानिर्वजितात्मनाम् ॥५९॥
तपोवने ग्राम्यभुजां तथैवानिर्वजितात्मनाम् ॥५९॥
59. abrahmacāriṇādhītamijyā cāviduṣā kṛtā .
tapovane grāmyabhujāṃ tathaivānirvajitātmanām.
tapovane grāmyabhujāṃ tathaivānirvajitātmanām.
59.
a-brahmacāriṇā adhītam ijyā ca aviduṣā kṛtā
tapovane grāmyabhujām tathā eva a-nirvajita-ātmanām
tapovane grāmyabhujām tathā eva a-nirvajita-ātmanām
59.
a-brahmacāriṇā adhītam ijyā ca aviduṣā kṛtā tathā
eva tapovane grāmyabhujām a-nirvajita-ātmanām
eva tapovane grāmyabhujām a-nirvajita-ātmanām
59.
The study (adhīta) by one who is not a celibate (brahmacārin), and a Vedic ritual (yajña) performed by an ignorant person. Likewise, for those in a hermitage (tapovana) who indulge in worldly pleasures, and for those whose self (ātman) is not controlled.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- अब्रह्मचारिणा (abrahmacāriṇā) - by one who has not observed celibacy (brahmacarya) (by one who is not a celibate, by one not observing religious studenthood)
- अधीतम् (adhītam) - the study (adhīta) (study, what has been studied, learned)
- इज्या (ijyā) - a Vedic ritual (yajña) (Vedic ritual, worship, sacrifice)
- च (ca) - and (and, also)
- अविदुषा (aviduṣā) - by an ignorant person (by an ignorant person, by one who does not know)
- कृता (kṛtā) - performed (performed, done, made)
- तपो-वने (tapo-vane) - in a hermitage (tapovana) (in the hermitage, in the forest of austerities)
- ग्राम्यभुजाम् (grāmyabhujām) - of those who indulge in worldly pleasures (of those who enjoy worldly pleasures, of those who consume village products)
- तथा (tathā) - likewise (thus, so, in that manner)
- एव (eva) - indeed, also (indeed, certainly, only)
- अनिर्वजितात्मनाम् (anirvajitātmanām) - of those whose self (ātman) is not controlled (of those whose selves are not subdued/conquered)
Words meanings and morphology
अब्रह्मचारिणा (abrahmacāriṇā) - by one who has not observed celibacy (brahmacarya) (by one who is not a celibate, by one not observing religious studenthood)
(noun)
Instrumental, masculine, singular of abrahmacārin
abrahmacārin - one who is not a brahmacārin, one not observing celibacy or religious studenthood
negative compound of 'a' + brahmacārin
Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+brahmacārin)
- a – not, un-
indeclinable
negating prefix - brahmacārin – a student of sacred knowledge, a celibate, one observing religious studenthood (brahmacarya)
noun (masculine)
agent noun from brahmacarya
Prefix: brahman
Root: car (class 1)
अधीतम् (adhītam) - the study (adhīta) (study, what has been studied, learned)
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of adhīta
adhīta - studied, learned; study, learning (as a noun)
past passive participle
from root 'i' (to go) with upasarga 'adhi'
Prefix: adhi
Root: i (class 2)
Note: Functions nominally as 'the act of studying'.
इज्या (ijyā) - a Vedic ritual (yajña) (Vedic ritual, worship, sacrifice)
(noun)
Nominative, feminine, singular of ijyā
ijyā - Vedic ritual, worship, sacrifice
from root 'yaj' (to worship)
Root: yaj (class 1)
च (ca) - and (and, also)
(indeclinable)
particle
अविदुषा (aviduṣā) - by an ignorant person (by an ignorant person, by one who does not know)
(adjective)
Instrumental, masculine, singular of avidus
avidus - ignorant, unwise, one who does not know
negative compound of 'a' + vidus
Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+vidus)
- a – not, un-
indeclinable
negating prefix - vidus – knowing, wise, skilled
adjective (masculine)
from root 'vid' (to know)
Root: vid (class 2)
Note: Agrees with an implied agent for kṛtā.
कृता (kṛtā) - performed (performed, done, made)
(adjective)
Nominative, feminine, singular of kṛta
kṛta - done, made, performed; deed, act (as a noun)
past passive participle
from root 'kṛ' (to do, to make)
Root: kṛ (class 8)
तपो-वने (tapo-vane) - in a hermitage (tapovana) (in the hermitage, in the forest of austerities)
(noun)
Locative, neuter, singular of tapovana
tapovana - hermitage, forest for austerities
compound of tapas (austerity) + vana (forest)
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (tapas+vana)
- tapas – austerity, penance, heat
noun (neuter)
Root: tap (class 1) - vana – forest, wood, grove
noun (neuter)
Root: van (class 1)
ग्राम्यभुजाम् (grāmyabhujām) - of those who indulge in worldly pleasures (of those who enjoy worldly pleasures, of those who consume village products)
(noun)
Genitive, masculine, plural of grāmyabhuj
grāmyabhuj - one who enjoys worldly/sensual pleasures; one who consumes village products
compound of grāmya (worldly, rural) + bhuj (enjoyer, consumer)
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (grāmya+bhuj)
- grāmya – worldly, rustic, belonging to a village
adjective (masculine)
from grāma (village) - bhuj – enjoyer, consumer
noun (masculine)
agent noun
from root 'bhuj' (to enjoy)
Root: bhuj (class 7)
तथा (tathā) - likewise (thus, so, in that manner)
(indeclinable)
एव (eva) - indeed, also (indeed, certainly, only)
(indeclinable)
particle
अनिर्वजितात्मनाम् (anirvajitātmanām) - of those whose self (ātman) is not controlled (of those whose selves are not subdued/conquered)
(adjective)
Genitive, masculine, plural of anirvajitātman
anirvajitātman - one whose self is not subdued or conquered
bahuvrīhi compound: a- (not) + nirvajita (subdued) + ātman (self)
Compound type : bahuvrīhi (a+nirvajita+ātman)
- a – not, un-
indeclinable
negating prefix - nirvajita – subdued, controlled, thoroughly strengthened
adjective (neuter)
past passive participle
formed from root 'vaj' (to be strong, to move) with upasarga 'nir', or an archaic/variant past passive participle form signifying 'subdued' or 'controlled'. Often interpreted in commentaries as synonymous with 'nirjita' (conquered, subdued).
Prefix: nir
Root: vaj (class 1) - ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence
noun (masculine)
Root: an (class 2)
Note: Functions as a noun here, referring to 'those whose self is not controlled'.