मार्कण्डेय-पुराणम्
mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇam
-
chapter-50, verse-32
दुः खोद्भवाः स्मृता ह्येते सर्वे वाधर्मलक्षणाः ।
नैषां भार्यास्ति पुत्रो वा सर्वे ते ह्यूर्ध्वरेतसः ॥३२॥
नैषां भार्यास्ति पुत्रो वा सर्वे ते ह्यूर्ध्वरेतसः ॥३२॥
32. duḥ khodbhavāḥ smṛtā hyete sarve vādharmalakṣaṇāḥ .
naiṣāṃ bhāryāsti putro vā sarve te hyūrdhvaretasaḥ.
naiṣāṃ bhāryāsti putro vā sarve te hyūrdhvaretasaḥ.
32.
duḥkhodbhavāḥ smṛtāḥ hi ete sarve vā adharmalakṣaṇāḥ na
eṣām bhāryā asti putraḥ vā sarve te hi ūrdhvaretasaḥ
eṣām bhāryā asti putraḥ vā sarve te hi ūrdhvaretasaḥ
32.
All of these (sickness, old age, sorrow, thirst, and angers) are indeed considered to be born from suffering (duḥkha) and bear the characteristics of unrighteousness (adharma). None among them has a wife or a son; indeed, all of them are celibate (ūrdhvaretasaḥ).
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- दुःखोद्भवाः (duḥkhodbhavāḥ) - born from suffering (duḥkha) (born from suffering, originated from suffering)
- स्मृताः (smṛtāḥ) - are considered (remembered, considered, traditional)
- हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, certainly, because)
- एते (ete) - these (referring to the entities mentioned in previous verse) (these)
- सर्वे (sarve) - all (all, whole, entire)
- वा (vā) - and (or, and)
- अधर्मलक्षणाः (adharmalakṣaṇāḥ) - bearing the characteristics of unrighteousness (adharma) (characterized by unrighteousness, having the marks of adharma)
- न (na) - not (not, no)
- एषाम् (eṣām) - of these (referring to the previously listed entities) (of these)
- भार्या (bhāryā) - wife (wife, spouse)
- अस्ति (asti) - is (is, exists)
- पुत्रः (putraḥ) - son (son, child)
- वा (vā) - or (or, and)
- सर्वे (sarve) - all (all, whole, entire)
- ते (te) - they (they, those)
- हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, certainly, because)
- ऊर्ध्वरेतसः (ūrdhvaretasaḥ) - celibate (celibate, one whose vital energy (semen) flows upwards, chaste)
Words meanings and morphology
दुःखोद्भवाः (duḥkhodbhavāḥ) - born from suffering (duḥkha) (born from suffering, originated from suffering)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, plural of duḥkhodbhava
duḥkhodbhava - born from suffering, originated from suffering or misery
Compound of duḥkha (suffering) + udbhava (origin, birth)
Compound type : Pañcamī-tatpuruṣa (duḥkha+udbhava)
- duḥkha – suffering, sorrow, pain, misery
noun (neuter)
From dus (bad) + kha (axle-hole of a wheel, space) - udbhava – birth, origin, source, production, arising
noun (masculine)
From prefix ud- + root bhū (to be, become) + a (suffix)
Prefix: ud
Root: bhū (class 1)
Note: Qualifies the entities listed in the previous verse.
स्मृताः (smṛtāḥ) - are considered (remembered, considered, traditional)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, plural of smṛta
smṛta - remembered, recalled, mentioned, considered, traditional
Past Passive Participle
From root smṛ (to remember) + ta (suffix)
Root: smṛ (class 1)
हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, certainly, because)
(indeclinable)
Particle
एते (ete) - these (referring to the entities mentioned in previous verse) (these)
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of etad
etad - this, these
Demonstrative pronoun
Note: Refers to 'vyādhijarāśokatṛṣṇākrodhāḥ' (sickness, old age, sorrow, thirst, and angers).
सर्वे (sarve) - all (all, whole, entire)
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva
sarva - all, every, whole, entire
Indefinite pronoun/adjective
वा (vā) - and (or, and)
(indeclinable)
Conjunction
अधर्मलक्षणाः (adharmalakṣaṇāḥ) - bearing the characteristics of unrighteousness (adharma) (characterized by unrighteousness, having the marks of adharma)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, plural of adharmalakṣaṇa
adharmalakṣaṇa - having the characteristics of adharma, marked by unrighteousness
Compound of adharma + lakṣaṇa
Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (adharma+lakṣaṇa)
- adharma – unrighteousness, un-natural law
noun (masculine)
Negative prefix 'a-' + dharma - lakṣaṇa – mark, sign, characteristic, definition
noun (neuter)
From root lakṣ (to mark, perceive) + ana (suffix)
Root: lakṣ (class 10)
न (na) - not (not, no)
(indeclinable)
Negative particle
एषाम् (eṣām) - of these (referring to the previously listed entities) (of these)
(pronoun)
Genitive, masculine, plural of etad
etad - this, these
Demonstrative pronoun
Note: Denotes possession or relation.
भार्या (bhāryā) - wife (wife, spouse)
(noun)
Nominative, feminine, singular of bhāryā
bhāryā - wife, spouse, one to be supported
Gerundive (specialized as noun)
From root bhṛ (to bear, support) + ṇyaT (gerundive suffix) + ā (feminine suffix)
Root: bhṛ (class 3)
अस्ति (asti) - is (is, exists)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, Active, Present (Laṭ) of as
Present tense, active voice
parasmaipada, 3rd person singular, Present tense (Laṭ)
Root: as (class 2)
पुत्रः (putraḥ) - son (son, child)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of putra
putra - son, child, offspring
वा (vā) - or (or, and)
(indeclinable)
Conjunction
सर्वे (sarve) - all (all, whole, entire)
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva
sarva - all, every, whole, entire
Indefinite pronoun/adjective
ते (te) - they (they, those)
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of tad
tad - that, this, they, those
Demonstrative pronoun
Note: Subject of the second clause.
हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, certainly, because)
(indeclinable)
Particle
ऊर्ध्वरेतसः (ūrdhvaretasaḥ) - celibate (celibate, one whose vital energy (semen) flows upwards, chaste)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, plural of ūrdhvaretas
ūrdhvaretas - one whose semen flows upwards, continent, chaste, celibate, a yogi
Compound of ūrdhva (upwards) + retas (semen, vital energy). Bahuvrīhi compound.
Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (ūrdhva+retas)
- ūrdhva – upward, elevated, high
adjective (masculine) - retas – semen, seed, vital energy
noun (neuter)
From root rī (to flow) or rī (to ooze)
Root: rī (class 5)
Note: Predicate adjective for 'te'.