मार्कण्डेय-पुराणम्
mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇam
-
chapter-50, verse-60
ब्राह्मण-क्षत्रिय-विशां शूद्राणाञ्च स्वकर्मतः ।
परिच्युतानां या चेष्टा परलोकार्थमीप्सताम् ॥६०॥
परिच्युतानां या चेष्टा परलोकार्थमीप्सताम् ॥६०॥
60. brāhmaṇa-kṣatriya-viśāṃ śūdrāṇāñca svakarmataḥ .
paricyutānāṃ yā ceṣṭā paralokārthamīpsatām.
paricyutānāṃ yā ceṣṭā paralokārthamīpsatām.
60.
brāhmaṇa-kṣatriya-viśām śūdrāṇām ca sva-karmataḥ
pari-cyutānām yā ceṣṭā para-loka-artham īpsatām
pari-cyutānām yā ceṣṭā para-loka-artham īpsatām
60.
And whatever actions are performed for the sake of the afterlife by Brahmins, Kshatriyas, and Vaishyas, as well as Shudras, who have fallen from their prescribed duties (karma), even while desiring rewards in the next world...
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- ब्राह्मण-क्षत्रिय-विशाम् (brāhmaṇa-kṣatriya-viśām) - of Brahmins, Kshatriyas, and Vaishyas
- शूद्राणाम् (śūdrāṇām) - of Shudras
- च (ca) - and, also
- स्व-कर्मतः (sva-karmataḥ) - from their own duties (karma)
- परि-च्युतानाम् (pari-cyutānām) - of those fallen, deviated, estranged
- या (yā) - which, whatever
- चेष्टा (ceṣṭā) - effort, exertion, action, attempt
- पर-लोक-अर्थम् (para-loka-artham) - for the sake of the next world, for the afterlife
- ईप्सताम् (īpsatām) - of those desiring, wishing
Words meanings and morphology
ब्राह्मण-क्षत्रिय-विशाम् (brāhmaṇa-kṣatriya-viśām) - of Brahmins, Kshatriyas, and Vaishyas
(noun)
Genitive, masculine, plural of brāhmaṇa-kṣatriya-viś
brāhmaṇa-kṣatriya-viś - Brahmins, Kshatriyas, and Vaishyas (the three upper varṇas)
Compound type : dvandva (brāhmaṇa+kṣatriya+viś)
- brāhmaṇa – a Brahmin, belonging to the priestly class
noun (masculine) - kṣatriya – a Kshatriya, belonging to the warrior/ruler class
noun (masculine) - viś – a Vaishya, belonging to the merchant/agriculturalist class
noun (masculine)
शूद्राणाम् (śūdrāṇām) - of Shudras
(noun)
Genitive, masculine, plural of śūdra
śūdra - a Shudra, belonging to the servant class
च (ca) - and, also
(indeclinable)
स्व-कर्मतः (sva-karmataḥ) - from their own duties (karma)
(indeclinable)
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sva+karman)
- sva – own, one's own
adjective (masculine) - karman – action, deed, work, duty (karma)
noun (neuter)
From √kṛ (to do) with suffix -man.
Root: kṛ (class 8)
Note: `taḥ` suffix indicates ablative.
परि-च्युतानाम् (pari-cyutānām) - of those fallen, deviated, estranged
(adjective)
Genitive, masculine, plural of pari-cyuta
pari-cyuta - fallen, deviated, estranged, deprived of
Past Passive Participle
From pari-√cyu (to fall from, deviate).
Prefix: pari
Root: cyu (class 1)
Note: Refers to 'those who have fallen' and qualifies the previous nouns (Brahmins, etc.).
या (yā) - which, whatever
(pronoun)
Nominative, feminine, singular of yad
yad - who, which, what
Note: Agrees with `ceṣṭā`.
चेष्टा (ceṣṭā) - effort, exertion, action, attempt
(noun)
Nominative, feminine, singular of ceṣṭā
ceṣṭā - effort, exertion, action, attempt, movement
From √ceṣṭ (to move, try).
Root: ceṣṭ (class 1)
Note: Subject of the 'whatever' clause.
पर-लोक-अर्थम् (para-loka-artham) - for the sake of the next world, for the afterlife
(indeclinable)
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (para-loka+artha)
- para-loka – the other world, the next world, the afterlife
noun (masculine) - artha – purpose, meaning, object, wealth, sake
noun (masculine)
Note: Functions adverbially.
ईप्सताम् (īpsatām) - of those desiring, wishing
(adjective)
Genitive, masculine, plural of īpsat
īpsat - desiring, wishing to obtain, longing for
Present Active Participle (Desiderative stem)
From the desiderative stem of √āp (to obtain) which is īpsa.
Root: āp (class 5)
Note: Qualifies `paricyutānām`.