मार्कण्डेय-पुराणम्
mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇam
-
chapter-50, verse-31
वेदनात्मसुतञ्चापि दुःखं जज्ञेऽथ रौरवात् ।
मृत्योर्व्याधि-जरा-शोक-तृष्णा-क्रोधाश्च जज्ञिरे ॥३१॥
मृत्योर्व्याधि-जरा-शोक-तृष्णा-क्रोधाश्च जज्ञिरे ॥३१॥
31. vedanātmasutañcāpi duḥkhaṃ jajñe'tha rauravāt .
mṛtyorvyādhi-jarā-śoka-tṛṣṇā-krodhāśca jajñire.
mṛtyorvyādhi-jarā-śoka-tṛṣṇā-krodhāśca jajñire.
31.
vedanā ātmasutam ca api duḥkham jajñe atha rauravāt
mṛtyoḥ vyādhijarāśokatṛṣṇākrodhāḥ ca jajñire
mṛtyoḥ vyādhijarāśokatṛṣṇākrodhāḥ ca jajñire
31.
And suffering (duḥkha), Vedanā's own son, was born; then also from Raurava (a hell). From Death (mṛtyu) were born sickness, old age, sorrow, thirst, and angers.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- वेदना (vedanā) - Vedanā (the mother of Duḥkha) (pain, suffering, feeling, perception)
- आत्मसुतम् (ātmasutam) - own son (own son, self-born, born from the self)
- च (ca) - and (and, also)
- अपि (api) - also (also, even, too)
- दुःखम् (duḥkham) - suffering (duḥkha) (suffering, sorrow, pain, misery)
- जज्ञे (jajñe) - was born (was born, originated)
- अथ (atha) - then (now, then, moreover)
- रौरवात् (rauravāt) - from Raurava (a hell) (from Raurava (a hell), from the fearful)
- मृत्योः (mṛtyoḥ) - from Death (mṛtyu) (from death, of death)
- व्याधिजराशोकतृष्णाक्रोधाः (vyādhijarāśokatṛṣṇākrodhāḥ) - sickness, old age, sorrow, thirst, and angers (sickness, old age, sorrow, thirst, and angers (as a collective group))
- च (ca) - and (and, also)
- जज्ञिरे (jajñire) - were born (were born, originated (plural))
Words meanings and morphology
वेदना (vedanā) - Vedanā (the mother of Duḥkha) (pain, suffering, feeling, perception)
(noun)
Nominative, feminine, singular of vedanā
vedanā - feeling, sensation, perception, pain, suffering
From root vid (to know, to feel) + ana (suffix) + ā (feminine suffix)
Root: vid (class 2)
आत्मसुतम् (ātmasutam) - own son (own son, self-born, born from the self)
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of ātmasuta
ātmasuta - own son, born from oneself
Compound of ātman + suta
Compound type : Shashṭhī-tatpuruṣa (ātman+suta)
- ātman – self, soul, spirit, ultimate reality (ātman)
noun (masculine) - suta – son, offspring
noun (masculine)
From root sū (to beget)
Root: sū (class 2)
Note: This form can be masculine accusative or neuter nominative/accusative. Interpreted as neuter nominative to agree with 'duḥkham'.
च (ca) - and (and, also)
(indeclinable)
Conjunction
अपि (api) - also (also, even, too)
(indeclinable)
Particle
दुःखम् (duḥkham) - suffering (duḥkha) (suffering, sorrow, pain, misery)
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of duḥkha
duḥkha - suffering, sorrow, pain, misery, unhappiness
From dus (bad) + kha (axle-hole of a wheel, space) - difficult space/position.
Note: Subject of 'jajñe'.
जज्ञे (jajñe) - was born (was born, originated)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, Middle, Perfect (Lit) of jan
Perfect tense, middle voice
ātmanepada, 3rd person singular, Perfect tense (Lit)
Root: jan (class 4)
अथ (atha) - then (now, then, moreover)
(indeclinable)
Particle indicating sequence or auspicious beginning.
रौरवात् (rauravāt) - from Raurava (a hell) (from Raurava (a hell), from the fearful)
(proper noun)
Ablative, neuter, singular of raurava
raurava - belonging to a fearful one, dreadful, name of a particular hell
From ruru (a kind of deer, fearful) + a (suffix). Often refers to a hell.
Note: Indicates origin.
मृत्योः (mṛtyoḥ) - from Death (mṛtyu) (from death, of death)
(noun)
Ablative, masculine, singular of mṛtyu
mṛtyu - death, demise, the god of death
From root mṛ (to die) + tyu (suffix)
Root: mṛ (class 6)
Note: Indicates origin for the subsequent list of nouns.
व्याधिजराशोकतृष्णाक्रोधाः (vyādhijarāśokatṛṣṇākrodhāḥ) - sickness, old age, sorrow, thirst, and angers (sickness, old age, sorrow, thirst, and angers (as a collective group))
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of vyādhijarāśokatṛṣṇākrodha
vyādhijarāśokatṛṣṇākrodha - sickness, old age, sorrow, thirst, and anger (as a collective group)
Dvandva compound listing various afflictions
Compound type : Dvandva (vyādhi+jarā+śoka+tṛṣṇā+krodha)
- vyādhi – sickness, disease
noun (masculine)
From prefix vi- + ā- + root dhā (to place)
Prefixes: vi+ā
Root: dhā (class 3) - jarā – old age, decay
noun (feminine)
From root jṛ (to become old)
Root: jṛ (class 4) - śoka – sorrow, grief
noun (masculine)
From root śuc (to grieve, burn)
Root: śuc (class 1) - tṛṣṇā – thirst, desire, craving
noun (feminine)
From root tṛṣ (to thirst)
Root: tṛṣ (class 4) - krodha – anger, wrath, rage
noun (masculine)
From root krudh (to be angry)
Root: krudh (class 4)
Note: Subject of 'jajñire'.
च (ca) - and (and, also)
(indeclinable)
Conjunction
जज्ञिरे (jajñire) - were born (were born, originated (plural))
(verb)
3rd person , plural, Middle, Perfect (Lit) of jan
Perfect tense, middle voice
ātmanepada, 3rd person plural, Perfect tense (Lit)
Root: jan (class 4)