महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-114, verse-81

ततो राजञ्शिलाधौताञ्शराञ्शाखामृगध्वजः ।
प्राहिणोत्सूतपुत्राय केशवेन प्रचोदितः ॥८१॥

81. tato rājañśilādhautāñśarāñśākhāmṛgadhvajaḥ ,
prāhiṇotsūtaputrāya keśavena pracoditaḥ.

81. tataḥ rājan śilādhautān śarān śākhāmṛgadhvajaḥ
prāhiṇot sūtaputrāya keśavena pracoditaḥ

81. O King, then Arjuna, whose banner bore a monkey emblem, impelled by Keshava (Krishna), dispatched arrows sharpened on stone towards the son of Sūta (Karna).

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, from that

• राजन् (rājan) - O King Dhritarashtra (O king)

• शिलाधौतान् (śilādhautān) - stone-sharpened, washed with stone, cleansed by stone

• शरान् (śarān) - arrows

• शाखामृगध्वजः (śākhāmṛgadhvajaḥ) - Arjuna (he whose banner bears a monkey, the one with the monkey banner)

• प्राहिणोत् (prāhiṇot) - he dispatched, he sent forth

• सूतपुत्राय (sūtaputrāya) - to Karna (to the son of a charioteer)

• केशवेन (keśavena) - by Krishna (by Keshava)

• प्रचोदितः (pracoditaḥ) - impelled, instigated, urged

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, from that

(indeclinable)

राजन् (rājan) - O King Dhritarashtra (O king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root: rāj (class 1)

शिलाधौतान् (śilādhautān) - stone-sharpened, washed with stone, cleansed by stone

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of śilādhauta

śilādhauta - washed/sharpened by stone

A tatpuruṣa compound, where dhauta is a past passive participle of √dhāv (to wash/cleanse).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śilā+dhauta)

• śilā – stone, rock
  noun (feminine)
• dhauta – washed, cleansed, sharpened
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root √dhāv (to wash, cleanse, purify).
  Root: dhāv (class 1)

Note: Agrees with `śarān`.

शरान् (śarān) - arrows

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of śara

śara - arrow, reed

Note: Object of `prāhiṇot`.

शाखामृगध्वजः (śākhāmṛgadhvajaḥ) - Arjuna (he whose banner bears a monkey, the one with the monkey banner)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śākhāmṛgadhvaja

śākhāmṛgadhvaja - having a monkey as an emblem or on a banner

A bahuvrīhi compound, literally 'whose banner (dhvaja) has a monkey (śākhāmṛga)'.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (śākhāmṛga+dhvaja)

• śākhāmṛga – monkey, literally 'branch-animal'
  noun (masculine)
• dhvaja – banner, flag, emblem
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhvaj (class 1)

Note: Subject of `prāhiṇot`.

प्राहिणोत् (prāhiṇot) - he dispatched, he sent forth

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of √hi

Imperfect 3rd person singular active of √hi, with the prefix pra.

Prefix: pra

Root: hi (class 5)

सूतपुत्राय (sūtaputrāya) - to Karna (to the son of a charioteer)

(noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of sūtaputra

sūtaputra - son of a sūta (charioteer or bard)

A tatpuruṣa compound (sūtasya putraḥ).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sūta+putra)

• sūta – charioteer, bard
  noun (masculine)
• putra – son
  noun (masculine)

Note: Recipient of the arrows.

केशवेन (keśavena) - by Krishna (by Keshava)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of keśava

keśava - Keshava (an epithet of Vishnu/Krishna, often meaning 'long-haired' or 'slayer of the demon Keśī')

Note: Agent of impelling.

प्रचोदितः (pracoditaḥ) - impelled, instigated, urged

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pracodita

pracodita - impelled, urged, instigated

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root √cud (to urge, impel) with prefix pra.

Prefix: pra

Root: cud (class 10)