महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-114, verse-58

स छिन्नधन्वा विरथः स्वधर्ममनुपालयन् ।
स्वरथं पृष्ठतः कृत्वा युद्धायैव व्यवस्थितः ॥५८॥

58. sa chinnadhanvā virathaḥ svadharmamanupālayan ,
svarathaṁ pṛṣṭhataḥ kṛtvā yuddhāyaiva vyavasthitaḥ.

58. saḥ chinnadhanvā virathaḥ svadharmam anupālayan
svaratham pṛṣṭhataḥ kṛtvā yuddhāya eva vyavasthitaḥ

58. saḥ chinnadhanvā virathaḥ svadharmam anupālayan
svaratham pṛṣṭhataḥ kṛtvā yuddhāya eva vyavasthitaḥ

58. With his bow broken and without a chariot, he (Karna), upholding his own intrinsic nature (dharma), stood ready for battle after leaving his chariot behind.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - he (Karna) (he, that)

• छिन्नधन्वा (chinnadhanvā) - having his bow broken (with a broken bow)

• विरथः (virathaḥ) - deprived of his chariot (charioless, without a chariot)

• स्वधर्मम् (svadharmam) - his own intrinsic nature (dharma) as a warrior (one's own intrinsic nature (dharma), one's own duty)

• अनुपालयन् (anupālayan) - upholding, observing (observing, maintaining, protecting)

• स्वरथम् (svaratham) - his own chariot (which he then left behind) (his own chariot)

• पृष्ठतः (pṛṣṭhataḥ) - from behind, behind, at the back

• कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having placed, having left (having done, having made, having placed)

• युद्धाय (yuddhāya) - for battle

• एव (eva) - indeed, only (only, just, indeed)

• व्यवस्थितः (vyavasthitaḥ) - stood ready (for battle) (stood, was ready, determined, established)

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - he (Karna) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

छिन्नधन्वा (chinnadhanvā) - having his bow broken (with a broken bow)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of chinnadhanvan

chinnadhanvan - one whose bow is broken, having a broken bow

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (chinna+dhanvan)

• chinna – broken, cut, severed
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  PPP of root chid
  Root: chid (class 7)
• dhanvan – bow
  noun (neuter)

Note: Refers to Karna.

विरथः (virathaḥ) - deprived of his chariot (charioless, without a chariot)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of viratha

viratha - charioless, without a chariot

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vi+ratha)

• vi – without, apart, dis-
  indeclinable
  privative prefix
• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)

स्वधर्मम् (svadharmam) - his own intrinsic nature (dharma) as a warrior (one's own intrinsic nature (dharma), one's own duty)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of svadharma

svadharma - one's own intrinsic nature (dharma), duty, law, custom

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sva+dharma)

• sva – own, self
  pronoun (masculine)
• dharma – intrinsic nature, constitution, natural law, duty, righteousness
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

अनुपालयन् (anupālayan) - upholding, observing (observing, maintaining, protecting)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anupālayat

anupālayat - observing, protecting, maintaining

Present Active Participle

Present active participle of root pālay (causative of pā)

Prefix: anu

Root: pā (class 2)

Note: Modifies 'saḥ'.

स्वरथम् (svaratham) - his own chariot (which he then left behind) (his own chariot)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of svaratha

svaratha - one's own chariot

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sva+ratha)

• sva – own, self
  pronoun (masculine)
• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)

पृष्ठतः (pṛṣṭhataḥ) - from behind, behind, at the back

(indeclinable)

कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having placed, having left (having done, having made, having placed)

(indeclinable)

absolutive/gerund

Absolutive of root kṛ

Root: kṛ (class 8)

युद्धाय (yuddhāya) - for battle

(noun)

Dative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - battle, fight, war

Root: yudh (class 4)

एव (eva) - indeed, only (only, just, indeed)

(indeclinable)

व्यवस्थितः (vyavasthitaḥ) - stood ready (for battle) (stood, was ready, determined, established)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vyavasthita

vyavasthita - situated, placed, fixed, prepared, determined

Past Passive Participle

PPP of root sthā with upasargas vi and ava

Prefixes: vi+ava

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Functions as a predicate adjective.