महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-114, verse-20

ततः क्रुद्धः शरानस्यन्सूतपुत्रो व्यरोचत ।
मध्यंदिनगतोऽर्चिष्माञ्शरदीव दिवाकरः ॥२०॥

20. tataḥ kruddhaḥ śarānasyansūtaputro vyarocata ,
madhyaṁdinagato'rciṣmāñśaradīva divākaraḥ.

20. tataḥ kruddhaḥ śarān asyan sūtaputraḥ vyarocata
madhyaṃdinagataḥ arciṣmān śaradi iva divākaraḥ

20. tataḥ kruddhaḥ śarān asyan sūtaputraḥ śaradi
madhyaṃdinagataḥ arciṣmān divākaraḥ iva vyarocata

20. Then, enraged and shooting arrows, Karna (sūtaputra) shone forth splendidly, like the radiant sun (divākara) in autumn at midday.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, from that

• क्रुद्धः (kruddhaḥ) - angry, enraged, furious

• शरान् (śarān) - arrows

• अस्यन् (asyan) - shooting, throwing, casting

• सूतपुत्रः (sūtaputraḥ) - the son of Sūta, Karna

• व्यरोचत (vyarocata) - shone forth, was brilliant, became visible

• मध्यंदिनगतः (madhyaṁdinagataḥ) - having reached midday, at midday

• अर्चिष्मान् (arciṣmān) - radiant, lustrous, brilliant

• शरदि (śaradi) - in autumn

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• दिवाकरः (divākaraḥ) - the sun

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, from that

(indeclinable)

From tad 'that' with suffix -tas.

क्रुद्धः (kruddhaḥ) - angry, enraged, furious

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kruddha

kruddha - angry, enraged, provoked

Past Passive Participle

From root krudh 'to be angry' with suffix -ta.

Root: krudh (class 4)

शरान् (śarān) - arrows

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of śara

śara - arrow, reed

Root: śṛ (class 9)

Note: Object of asyan.

अस्यन् (asyan) - shooting, throwing, casting

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of as

as - to throw, to cast, to shoot

Present Active Participle

From root as 'to throw' with suffix -śatṛ.

Root: as (class 4)

सूतपुत्रः (sūtaputraḥ) - the son of Sūta, Karna

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sūtaputra

sūtaputra - son of a Sūta (charioteer), Karna

Tatpuruṣa compound 'son of Sūta'. Karna is often referred to by this name.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sūta+putra)

• sūta – charioteer, bard
  noun (masculine)
  Root: sū (class 2)
• putra – son
  noun (masculine)
  Root: put

Note: Subject of vyarocata.

व्यरोचत (vyarocata) - shone forth, was brilliant, became visible

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, imperfect (laṅ) of viruc

Imperfect Middle, 3rd Person Singular

From root ruc 'to shine' with prefix vi-, Ātmanepada, imperfect tense.

Prefix: vi

Root: ruc (class 1)

Note: The main verb for Karna.

मध्यंदिनगतः (madhyaṁdinagataḥ) - having reached midday, at midday

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of madhyaṃdinagata

madhyaṁdinagata - one who has reached midday, at midday

Tatpuruṣa compound: madhyaṃdina (midday) + gata (gone, reached).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (madhyaṃdina+gata)

• madhyaṃdina – midday, noon
  noun (masculine)
  Compound: madhya (middle) + dina (day).
• gata – gone, reached
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root gam 'to go' with suffix -ta.
  Root: gam (class 1)

अर्चिष्मान् (arciṣmān) - radiant, lustrous, brilliant

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of arciṣmat

arciṣmat - radiant, bright, glorious, having rays (arches)

Possessive suffix -mat from arcis (ray).

Root: arc (class 1)

शरदि (śaradi) - in autumn

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of śarad

śarad - autumn, a year

Root: śṛ (class 9)

Note: Indicates time/season for the comparison.

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

Particle of comparison.

दिवाकरः (divākaraḥ) - the sun

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of divākara

divākara - sun (literally 'day-maker')

Compound: divā (by day) + kara (maker).

Compound type : upapada tatpuruṣa (divā+kara)

• divā – by day, during the day
  indeclinable
  Root: div (class 1)
• kara – maker, doer, hand
  noun (masculine)
  From root kṛ 'to do, make'.
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Subject of the simile.