महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-114, verse-51

स विचर्मा महाराज विरथः क्रोधमूर्छितः ।
असिं प्रासृजदाविध्य त्वरन्कर्णरथं प्रति ॥५१॥

51. sa vicarmā mahārāja virathaḥ krodhamūrchitaḥ ,
asiṁ prāsṛjadāvidhya tvarankarṇarathaṁ prati.

51. saḥ vicarmā mahārāja virathaḥ krodhamūrcitaḥ
asim prāsṛjat āvidhya tvaran karṇaratham prati

51. mahārāja saḥ vicarmā virathaḥ krodhamūrcitaḥ
tvaran āvidhya asim karṇaratham prati prāsṛjat

51. O Great King, he (Arjuna), without a shield, without a chariot, and overcome with rage, hurled his sword towards Karṇa's chariot, whirling it as he hurried.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - he (Arjuna) (he, that)

• विचर्मा (vicarmā) - without a shield (shieldless, without a shield)

• महाराज (mahārāja) - O Great King (vocative, addressing Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (great king)

• विरथः (virathaḥ) - without a chariot (chariotless, without a chariot)

• क्रोधमूर्चितः (krodhamūrcitaḥ) - overcome with rage (fainted from anger, overcome by rage)

• असिम् (asim) - sword

• प्रासृजत् (prāsṛjat) - hurled (hurled, threw, let go)

• आविध्य (āvidhya) - having whirled (the sword) (having whirled, having swung, having pierced)

• त्वरन् (tvaran) - hurrying (hurrying, hastening)

• कर्णरथम् (karṇaratham) - Karṇa's chariot

• प्रति (prati) - towards (towards, against, in the direction of)

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - he (Arjuna) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, it

विचर्मा (vicarmā) - without a shield (shieldless, without a shield)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vicarman

vicarman - without a shield, shieldless

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vi+carman)

• vi – apart, asunder, without, lacking
  indeclinable
• carman – shield, skin, hide
  noun (neuter)

Note: Modifies 'saḥ' (Arjuna).

महाराज (mahārāja) - O Great King (vocative, addressing Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (great king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahārāja

mahārāja - great king, emperor

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+rājan)

• mahā – great, mighty, large
  adjective
• rājan – king, sovereign
  noun (masculine)

विरथः (virathaḥ) - without a chariot (chariotless, without a chariot)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of viratha

viratha - chariotless, dismounted from a chariot

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vi+ratha)

• vi – apart, asunder, without, lacking
  indeclinable
• ratha – chariot, car
  noun (masculine)

Note: Modifies 'saḥ' (Arjuna).

क्रोधमूर्चितः (krodhamūrcitaḥ) - overcome with rage (fainted from anger, overcome by rage)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of krodhamūrcita

krodhamūrcita - fainted from anger, overcome by rage

Compound type : tṛtīyā-tatpuruṣa (krodha+mūrcita)

• krodha – anger, wrath, rage
  noun (masculine)
• mūrcita – fainted, unconscious, stiff, insensible, affected
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root mūrcch (to faint)
  Root: mūrcch (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'saḥ' (Arjuna).

असिम् (asim) - sword

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of asi

asi - sword, scimitar

प्रासृजत् (prāsṛjat) - hurled (hurled, threw, let go)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of prasṛj

Imperfect Indicative

Root sṛj with upasarga pra, 6th conjugation, Parasmaipada

Prefix: pra

Root: sṛj (class 6)

आविध्य (āvidhya) - having whirled (the sword) (having whirled, having swung, having pierced)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root vyadh with upasarga ā

Prefix: ā

Root: vyadh (class 4)

त्वरन् (tvaran) - hurrying (hurrying, hastening)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tvarat

tvarat - hurrying, hastening

Present Active Participle

Derived from root tvar (to hurry)

Root: tvar (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'saḥ' (Arjuna).

कर्णरथम् (karṇaratham) - Karṇa's chariot

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of karṇaratha

karṇaratha - Karṇa's chariot

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (karṇa+ratha)

• karṇa – Karṇa (proper name), ear
  proper noun (masculine)
• ratha – chariot, car
  noun (masculine)

प्रति (prati) - towards (towards, against, in the direction of)

(indeclinable)