महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-61, verse-81

यथाप्सु पतितः शक्र तैलबिन्दुर्विसर्पति ।
तथा भूमिकृतं दानं सस्ये सस्ये विसर्पति ॥८१॥

81. yathāpsu patitaḥ śakra tailabindurvisarpati ,
tathā bhūmikṛtaṁ dānaṁ sasye sasye visarpati.

81. yathā apsu patitaḥ śakra tailabinduḥ visarpati
tathā bhūmikṛtam dānam sasye sasye visarpati

81. śakra yathā apsu patitaḥ tailabinduḥ visarpati
tathā bhūmikṛtam dānam sasye sasye visarpati

81. Just as, O Śakra, a drop of oil spreads when it falls into water, so too a gift of land (dāna) proliferates with every harvest.

Words meanings summery:

• यथा (yathā) - just as (just as, as, in which manner)

• अप्सु (apsu) - in water (in waters, in the waters)

• पतितः (patitaḥ) - fallen (fallen, descended, dropped)

• शक्र (śakra) - O Śakra (mighty one, Indra (vocative))

• तैलबिन्दुः (tailabinduḥ) - a drop of oil

• विसर्पति (visarpati) - spreads (spreads, diffuses, extends)

• तथा (tathā) - so too (so, thus, similarly)

• भूमिकृतम् (bhūmikṛtam) - done as a land-gift (done for land, pertaining to land)

• दानम् (dānam) - gift (dāna) (gift, giving, donation)

• सस्ये सस्ये (sasye sasye) - with every harvest (in every crop, in each harvest)

• विसर्पति (visarpati) - proliferates (spreads, diffuses, extends)

Words meanings and morphology

यथा (yathā) - just as (just as, as, in which manner)

(indeclinable)

Correlative adverb to 'tathā'.

Note: Introduces a comparison.

अप्सु (apsu) - in water (in waters, in the waters)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, plural of ap

ap - water

Stem is irregularly declined.

Note: Specifies the location.

पतितः (patitaḥ) - fallen (fallen, descended, dropped)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of patita

patita - fallen, descended, dropped

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root pat- 'to fall'.

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'tailabinduḥ'.

शक्र (śakra) - O Śakra (mighty one, Indra (vocative))

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of śakra

śakra - mighty, powerful; name of Indra

Note: Addressing Indra.

तैलबिन्दुः (tailabinduḥ) - a drop of oil

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tailabindu

tailabindu - drop of oil

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (taila+bindu)

• taila – oil, sesame oil
  noun (neuter)
• bindu – drop, dot
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of the first 'visarpati'.

विसर्पति (visarpati) - spreads (spreads, diffuses, extends)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of sṛp

Root sṛp, 1st class, parasmaipada, with prefix vi-.

Prefix: vi

Root: sṛp (class 1)

Note: Verb for 'tailabinduḥ' and 'dānam'.

तथा (tathā) - so too (so, thus, similarly)

(indeclinable)

Correlative adverb to 'yathā'.

भूमिकृतम् (bhūmikṛtam) - done as a land-gift (done for land, pertaining to land)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of bhūmikṛta

bhūmikṛta - done for land, relating to land, land-made

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bhūmi+kṛta)

• bhūmi – earth, land
  noun (feminine)
• kṛta – done, made, performed
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root kṛ- 'to do'.
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Qualifies 'dānam'.

दानम् (dānam) - gift (dāna) (gift, giving, donation)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of dāna

dāna - giving, gift, donation, liberality

Derived from root dā- 'to give'.

Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Subject of the second 'visarpati'.

सस्ये सस्ये (sasye sasye) - with every harvest (in every crop, in each harvest)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of sasya

sasya - crop, harvest, grain, produce

Repetition indicates 'every' or 'each'.

Note: The doubling of the word indicates 'every' or 'each'.

विसर्पति (visarpati) - proliferates (spreads, diffuses, extends)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of sṛp

Root sṛp, 1st class, parasmaipada, with prefix vi-.

Prefix: vi

Root: sṛp (class 1)

Note: Verb for 'tailabinduḥ' and 'dānam'.