महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-61, verse-1

युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
इदं देयमिदं देयमितीयं श्रुतिचोदना ।
बहुदेयाश्च राजानः किं स्विद्देयमनुत्तमम् ॥१॥

1. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
idaṁ deyamidaṁ deyamitīyaṁ śruticodanā ,
bahudeyāśca rājānaḥ kiṁ sviddeyamanuttamam.

1. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca idam deyam idam deyam iti iyam
śruti-codanā bahu-deyāḥ ca rājānaḥ kim svit deyam anuttamam

1. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca: iyam śruti-codanā iti idam deyam,
idam deyam.
rājānaḥ ca bahu-deyāḥ.
kim svit anuttamam deyam?

1. Yudhiṣṭhira said: "This is to be given, this is to be given"—such is the scriptural injunction (śruti-codanā). Kings, moreover, are those who must give much. What then is the unsurpassed (anuttama) gift?

Words meanings summery:

• युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Yudhiṣṭhira (Yudhiṣṭhira (name of the eldest Pāṇḍava))

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (he said, spoke)

• इदम् (idam) - this (thing) (this)

• देयम् (deyam) - (is) to be given (to be given, gift, obligation)

• इदम् (idam) - this (thing) (this)

• देयम् (deyam) - (is) to be given (to be given, gift, obligation)

• इति (iti) - thus (introducing a quote or statement) (thus, so, saying)

• इयम् (iyam) - this (injunction) (this (feminine))

• श्रुति-चोदना (śruti-codanā) - scriptural injunction (śruti) (Vedic injunction, scriptural command)

• बहु-देयाः (bahu-deyāḥ) - those who must give much (generous) (those to whom much should be given, generous, having many gifts)

• च (ca) - moreover, and (and, also)

• राजानः (rājānaḥ) - kings

• किम् (kim) - what (interrogative) (what, which, why)

• स्वित् (svit) - then, indeed (particle of inquiry) (indeed, pray, possibly)

• देयम् (deyam) - gift (to be given, gift, obligation)

• अनुत्तमम् (anuttamam) - unsurpassed, best (unsurpassed, excellent, best)

Words meanings and morphology

युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Yudhiṣṭhira (Yudhiṣṭhira (name of the eldest Pāṇḍava))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhiṣṭhira (name of the eldest Pāṇḍava), firm in battle

Compound type : bahuvrihi (yudhi+sthira)

• yudhi – in battle
  noun (feminine)
• sthira – firm, steady, stable
  adjective (masculine)
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'uvāca'.

उवाच (uvāca) - said (he said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect Active (Liṭ)

Root vac (2nd class, adādi), perfect form (vāvaca, with irregularity).

Root: vac (class 2)

इदम् (idam) - this (thing) (this)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, this one, here

Note: Subject of implied verb 'is'.

देयम् (deyam) - (is) to be given (to be given, gift, obligation)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of deya

deya - to be given, due, gift, obligation

Gerundive

Derived from root dā (to give).

Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Predicate adjective.

इदम् (idam) - this (thing) (this)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, this one, here

Note: Subject of implied verb 'is'.

देयम् (deyam) - (is) to be given (to be given, gift, obligation)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of deya

deya - to be given, due, gift, obligation

Gerundive

Derived from root dā (to give).

Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Predicate adjective.

इति (iti) - thus (introducing a quote or statement) (thus, so, saying)

(indeclinable)

इयम् (iyam) - this (injunction) (this (feminine))

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one, here

Note: Refers to 'śruticodanā'.

श्रुति-चोदना (śruti-codanā) - scriptural injunction (śruti) (Vedic injunction, scriptural command)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of śruti-codanā

śruti-codanā - Vedic injunction, scriptural command

Compound type : tatpurusha (śruti+codanā)

• śruti – hearing, Vedic revelation, scripture
  noun (feminine)
  From root śru (to hear).
  Root: śru (class 5)
• codanā – instigation, injunction, command
  noun (feminine)
  From root cud (to urge, impel).
  Root: cud (class 10)

बहु-देयाः (bahu-deyāḥ) - those who must give much (generous) (those to whom much should be given, generous, having many gifts)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bahu-deya

bahu-deya - having many gifts, lavish in gifts, to whom much should be given

Compound type : bahuvrihi or tatpurusha (bahu+deya)

• bahu – much, many, abundant
  adjective
• deya – to be given, gift
  adjective (neuter)
  Gerundive
  From root dā (to give).
  Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Modifies 'rājānaḥ'.

च (ca) - moreover, and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

राजानः (rājānaḥ) - kings

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Note: Subject of implied verb 'are'.

किम् (kim) - what (interrogative) (what, which, why)

(interrogative pronoun)

Note: Presents the question.

स्वित् (svit) - then, indeed (particle of inquiry) (indeed, pray, possibly)

(indeclinable)

देयम् (deyam) - gift (to be given, gift, obligation)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of deya

deya - to be given, due, gift, obligation

Gerundive

Derived from root dā (to give), often functions as a noun meaning 'gift' or 'what is to be given'.

Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Subject of the question.

अनुत्तमम् (anuttamam) - unsurpassed, best (unsurpassed, excellent, best)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of anuttama

anuttama - unsurpassed, best, excellent, paramount

Compound type : nañ-tatpurusha (an+uttama)

• an – not, non-
  indeclinable
• uttama – highest, best, excellent
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Modifies 'deyam'.