महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-61, verse-5

अप्यल्पं प्रददुः पूर्वे पृथिव्या इति नः श्रुतम् ।
भूमिमेते ददुः सर्वे ये भूमिं भुञ्जते जनाः ॥५॥

5. apyalpaṁ pradaduḥ pūrve pṛthivyā iti naḥ śrutam ,
bhūmimete daduḥ sarve ye bhūmiṁ bhuñjate janāḥ.

5. api alpam pradaduḥ pūrve pṛthivyā iti naḥ śrutam
| bhūmim ete daduḥ sarve ye bhūmim bhuñjate janāḥ

5. naḥ iti śrutam api pūrve pṛthivyā alpam pradaduḥ ye janāḥ bhūmim bhuñjate,
ete sarve bhūmim daduḥ

5. We have heard that our ancestors gave away even small portions of land. Indeed, all those people who enjoy the land are themselves givers of land.

Words meanings summery:

• अपि (api) - even (even, also, too)

• अल्पम् (alpam) - small, little, a small amount

• प्रददुः (pradaduḥ) - they gave, they offered

• पूर्वे (pūrve) - the ancestors, the ancients

• पृथिव्या (pṛthivyā) - of the earth (of the earth, from the earth)

• इति (iti) - thus, (indicating what was heard) (thus, so, (marker for quotation))

• नः (naḥ) - by us (in passive construction 'heard by us') (to us, by us, our)

• श्रुतम् (śrutam) - is heard (heard, listened, revealed knowledge)

• भूमिम् (bhūmim) - land, earth

• एते (ete) - all these (referring to people who enjoy land) (these (ones))

• ददुः (daduḥ) - they gave (implying participation in the cycle of giving/receiving, or eventual relinquishment) (they gave)

• सर्वे (sarve) - all, everyone

• ये (ye) - who, which (plural)

• भूमिम् (bhūmim) - land, earth

• भुञ्जते (bhuñjate) - they enjoy (they enjoy, they eat, they experience)

• जनाः (janāḥ) - people, men

Words meanings and morphology

अपि (api) - even (even, also, too)

(indeclinable)

अल्पम् (alpam) - small, little, a small amount

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of alpa

alpa - small, little, few, insignificant

Note: Agrees with an implicit noun like 'bhāgam' (portion).

प्रददुः (pradaduḥ) - they gave, they offered

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of pradā

Perfect Active

Perfect tense, 3rd person plural, active voice of root √dā with prefix pra-

Prefix: pra

Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Verb for 'pūrve'.

पूर्वे (pūrve) - the ancestors, the ancients

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pūrva

pūrva - former, ancient, previous, eastern

Note: Subject of 'pradaduḥ'.

पृथिव्या (pṛthivyā) - of the earth (of the earth, from the earth)

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, singular of pṛthivī

pṛthivī - earth, land

Note: Connected to 'alpam' (a small portion of the earth).

इति (iti) - thus, (indicating what was heard) (thus, so, (marker for quotation))

(indeclinable)

नः (naḥ) - by us (in passive construction 'heard by us') (to us, by us, our)

(pronoun)

Dative, plural of asmad

asmad - I, we

Note: Dative or genitive plural, here implies agent in passive construction: 'heard by us'.

श्रुतम् (śrutam) - is heard (heard, listened, revealed knowledge)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śruta

śruta - heard, listened, revealed

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle of root √śru (to hear)

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: Refers to the preceding statement.

भूमिम् (bhūmim) - land, earth

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of bhūmi

bhūmi - earth, land, ground, soil

Note: Object of 'daduḥ' and 'bhuñjate'.

एते (ete) - all these (referring to people who enjoy land) (these (ones))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of etad

etad - this, these

Note: Subject.

ददुः (daduḥ) - they gave (implying participation in the cycle of giving/receiving, or eventual relinquishment) (they gave)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of dā

Perfect Active

Perfect tense, 3rd person plural, active voice of root √dā

Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Main verb for 'ete sarve'.

सर्वे (sarve) - all, everyone

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, entire

Note: Adjective for 'ete'.

ये (ye) - who, which (plural)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yad

yad - who, which, what

Note: Subject of the relative clause.

भूमिम् (bhūmim) - land, earth

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of bhūmi

bhūmi - earth, land, ground, soil

Note: Object of 'bhuñjate'.

भुञ्जते (bhuñjate) - they enjoy (they enjoy, they eat, they experience)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present (lat) of bhuj

Present Middle

Present tense, 3rd person plural, middle voice (ātmanepada) of root √bhuj

Root: bhuj (class 7)

Note: Verb for 'ye janāḥ'.

जनाः (janāḥ) - people, men

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of jana

jana - person, man, people

Note: Subject of the relative clause 'ye... bhuñjate'.