महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-61, verse-43

आदित्या इव दीप्यन्ते तेजसा भुवि मानवाः ।
ददन्ति वसुधां स्फीतां ये वेदविदुषि द्विजे ॥४३॥

43. ādityā iva dīpyante tejasā bhuvi mānavāḥ ,
dadanti vasudhāṁ sphītāṁ ye vedaviduṣi dvije.

43. ādityāḥ iva dīpyante tejasā bhuvi mānavāḥ
dadanti vasudhām sphītām ye vedaviduṣi dvije

43. ye vedaviduṣi dvije sphītām vasudhām dadanti,
te mānavāḥ ādityāḥ iva tejasā bhuvi dīpyante.

43. Those who bestow fertile land upon a Brahmin knowledgeable in the Vedas shine on earth with their brilliance, just like the suns (ādityas).

Words meanings summery:

• आदित्याः (ādityāḥ) - the Ādityas (a class of gods, often solar deities); suns

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• दीप्यन्ते (dīpyante) - they shine, they blaze, they glow

• तेजसा (tejasā) - by their brilliance (by splendor, by brilliance, by energy, by power)

• भुवि (bhuvi) - on earth (on the earth, in the world)

• मानवाः (mānavāḥ) - humans, men, mankind

• ददन्ति (dadanti) - they give, they bestow

• वसुधाम् (vasudhām) - land (as property) (the earth, land, world)

• स्फीताम् (sphītām) - fertile (abundant, flourishing, prosperous, fertile, extensive)

• ये (ye) - who, those who

• वेदविदुषि (vedaviduṣi) - to one learned in the Vedas

• द्विजे (dvije) - to a Brahmin (to a twice-born (one), to a Brahmin)

Words meanings and morphology

आदित्याः (ādityāḥ) - the Ādityas (a class of gods, often solar deities); suns

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of āditya

āditya - Āditya (a class of gods, sons of Aditi); the sun

Derived from Aditi (mother goddess).

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

दीप्यन्ते (dīpyante) - they shine, they blaze, they glow

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present (laṭ) of dīp

present middle

Present middle (ātmanepada) 3rd person plural, Class 4 verb.

Root: dīp (class 4)

तेजसा (tejasā) - by their brilliance (by splendor, by brilliance, by energy, by power)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tejas

tejas - splendor, brilliance, energy, power, light

भुवि (bhuvi) - on earth (on the earth, in the world)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of bhū

bhū - the earth, ground, land

मानवाः (mānavāḥ) - humans, men, mankind

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of mānava

mānava - human, man, descendant of Manu

Derived from Manu (progenitor of mankind).

Note: Used here as the subject of dīpyante, referring to 'those who give'.

ददन्ति (dadanti) - they give, they bestow

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of dā

present active

Present active 3rd person plural, reduplicated root dā, Class 3 verb.

Root: dā (class 3)

Note: The subject is ye.

वसुधाम् (vasudhām) - land (as property) (the earth, land, world)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of vasudhā

vasudhā - the earth (literally 'bearer of wealth')

Compound of vasu (wealth) and dhā (bearer, from root dhṛ).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vasu+dhā)

• vasu – wealth, riches, good
  noun (neuter)
• dhā – bearer, upholder
  noun (feminine)
  agent noun
  From root dhṛ (to bear, hold). Often found in compounds.
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Object of dadanti.

स्फीताम् (sphītām) - fertile (abundant, flourishing, prosperous, fertile, extensive)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of sphīta

sphīta - swollen, increased, abundant, flourishing, fertile

Past Passive Participle

From root sphāy (to grow, swell) or sphī (to grow fat, flourish).

Root: sphāy (class 1)

Note: Modifies vasudhām.

ये (ye) - who, those who

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yad

yad - who, which, what

Note: Relative pronoun, subject of dadanti.

वेदविदुषि (vedaviduṣi) - to one learned in the Vedas

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of vedavidus

vedavidus - knower of the Vedas, learned in the Vedas

Compound of veda (knowledge, especially Vedic) and vidus (knower, from root vid).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (veda+vidus)

• veda – knowledge, sacred knowledge, the Vedas
  noun (masculine)
  Root: vid (class 2)
• vidus – knowing, wise; one who knows
  noun
  participial
  From root vid (to know), agent noun formation.
  Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Modifies dvije.

द्विजे (dvije) - to a Brahmin (to a twice-born (one), to a Brahmin)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of dvija

dvija - twice-born (a Brahmin, Kshatriya, or Vaishya); Brahmin; bird; tooth

Compound of dvi (two) and ja (born).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dvi+ja)

• dvi – two
  numeral
• ja – born, produced, originating from
  adjective
  suffix
  From root jan (to be born).
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: The dative case is often used to indicate the recipient of an action, but Sanskrit also uses locative with verbs of giving, implying 'in relation to' or 'for the benefit of'.