महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-61, verse-34

कृत्यानामभिशस्तानां दुरिष्टशमनं महत् ।
प्रायश्चित्तमहं कृत्वा पुनात्युभयतो दश ॥३४॥

34. kṛtyānāmabhiśastānāṁ duriṣṭaśamanaṁ mahat ,
prāyaścittamahaṁ kṛtvā punātyubhayato daśa.

34. kṛtyānām abhiśastānām duriṣṭaśamanam mahat
prāyaścittam aham kṛtvā punāti ubhayataḥ daśa

34. aham prāyaścittam kṛtvā,
kṛtyānām abhiśastānām mahat duriṣṭaśamanam ubhayataḥ daśa punāti

34. Having performed the expiation (prāyaścitta), the great alleviation of evil consequences for heinous deeds and for those who are cursed, purifies ten generations on both sides of the family.

Words meanings summery:

• कृत्यानाम् (kṛtyānām) - of wicked deeds, of heinous acts (of deeds, of actions, of duties, of rituals)

• अभिशस्तानाम् (abhiśastānām) - of those guilty of heinous sins or who are cursed (of the cursed, of the accused, of those who have committed great sins)

• दुरिष्टशमनम् (duriṣṭaśamanam) - a remedy for evil consequences (alleviation of evil, pacification of bad omens/consequences)

• महत् (mahat) - great, significant (great, large, extensive, important)

• प्रायश्चित्तम् (prāyaścittam) - expiation (prāyaścitta) (expiation, atonement, penance, remedy)

• अहम् (aham) - I

• कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having performed (having done, having made, having performed)

• पुनाति (punāti) - purifies (purifies, cleanses)

• उभयतः (ubhayataḥ) - on both sides (of the family) (on both sides, in both ways, from both)

• दश (daśa) - ten (generations) (ten)

Words meanings and morphology

कृत्यानाम् (kṛtyānām) - of wicked deeds, of heinous acts (of deeds, of actions, of duties, of rituals)

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, plural of kṛtyā

kṛtyā - deed, action, duty, magic, witchcraft, ritual

From root kṛ (to do, make) + suffix tyā, forming a feminine noun.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

अभिशस्तानाम् (abhiśastānām) - of those guilty of heinous sins or who are cursed (of the cursed, of the accused, of those who have committed great sins)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of abhiśasta

abhiśasta - cursed, accused, guilty of a great crime, reviled

Past Passive Participle

From root śas (to praise, command, punish) with prefix abhi-. Here, it means 'severely blamed, cursed'.

Prefix: abhi

Root: śas (class 2)

Note: Refers to persons who are cursed or have committed great sins.

दुरिष्टशमनम् (duriṣṭaśamanam) - a remedy for evil consequences (alleviation of evil, pacification of bad omens/consequences)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of duriṣṭaśamana

duriṣṭaśamana - pacifying what is badly wished or done, expiation of evil, remedy for misfortune

Compound noun.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dur-+iṣṭa+śamana)

• dur- – bad, difficult, evil
  indeclinable
• iṣṭa – desired, wished, worshipped, sacrifice (Vedic ritual)
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root yaj (to worship, sacrifice, wish for) + kta. In compounds like `duriṣṭa`, it often implies 'badly done' or 'bad outcome'.
  Root: yaj (class 1)
• śamana – pacifying, quieting, alleviating, remedy
  noun (neuter)
  From root śam (to be calm, pacify) + suffix ana.
  Root: śam (class 4)

Note: Functions as the subject of `punāti`.

महत् (mahat) - great, significant (great, large, extensive, important)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, important, extensive

Present Active Participle

From root mah (to be great) + śatṛ. Often means 'great' or 'extensive'.

Root: mah (class 1)

Note: Agrees with `duriṣṭaśamanam`.

प्रायश्चित्तम् (prāyaścittam) - expiation (prāyaścitta) (expiation, atonement, penance, remedy)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of prāyaścitta

prāyaścitta - expiation, atonement, penance, remedy for sin

From prāyaś (sin, crime) + citta (thought, intention), often interpreted as 'thought of expiation' or 'that by which a crime is atoned'.

Note: The object of the action 'having performed'.

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of aham

aham - I (first person singular pronoun)

कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having performed (having done, having made, having performed)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root kṛ (to do, make) + suffix tvā.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

पुनाति (punāti) - purifies (purifies, cleanses)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present indicative (laṭ) of pū

Present Active Indicative

From root pū (to purify, cleanse), 9th class verb.

Root: pū (class 9)

उभयतः (ubhayataḥ) - on both sides (of the family) (on both sides, in both ways, from both)

(indeclinable)

Avyaya derived from `ubhaya` (both).

दश (daśa) - ten (generations) (ten)

(numeral)

Note: Here, implies 'ten generations' as the object of purification.