महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-221, verse-54

उच्चैश्चाप्यवदन्रात्रौ नीचैस्तत्राग्निरज्वलत् ।
पुत्राः पितॄनभ्यवदन्भार्याश्चाभ्यवदन्पतीन् ॥५४॥

54. uccaiścāpyavadanrātrau nīcaistatrāgnirajvalat ,
putrāḥ pitṝnabhyavadanbhāryāścābhyavadanpatīn.

54. uccaiḥ ca api avadan rātrau nīcaiḥ tatra agniḥ ajvalat
putrāḥ pitṝn abhyavadan bhāryāḥ ca abhyavadan patīn

54. uccaiḥ ca api rātrau avadan tatra agniḥ nīcaiḥ ajvalat
putrāḥ pitṝn abhyavadan ca bhāryāḥ patīn abhyavadan

54. They spoke loudly even at night, while the fire there burned dimly. Sons spoke disrespectfully to their fathers, and wives spoke disrespectfully to their husbands.

Words meanings summery:

• उच्चैः (uccaiḥ) - loudly (loudly, highly, aloft)

• च (ca) - and, also (connects clauses or elements) (and, also, moreover)

• अपि (api) - even (also, even, too)

• अवदन् (avadan) - they spoke (referring to unspecified people) (they spoke, they said)

• रात्रौ (rātrau) - at night (at night, in the night)

• नीचैः (nīcaiḥ) - dimly (referring to the fire) (lowly, softly, dimly, down)

• तत्र (tatra) - there (there, in that place)

• अग्निः (agniḥ) - the fire (fire, god of fire)

• अज्वलत् (ajvalat) - it burned (it burned, it shone)

• पुत्राः (putrāḥ) - the sons (sons, children)

• पितॄन् (pitṝn) - their fathers (fathers, ancestors)

• अभ्यवदन् (abhyavadan) - they spoke disrespectfully to (they spoke against, they reviled, they addressed)

• भार्याः (bhāryāḥ) - the wives (wives, married women)

• पतीन् (patīn) - their husbands (husbands, lords, masters)

Words meanings and morphology

उच्चैः (uccaiḥ) - loudly (loudly, highly, aloft)

(indeclinable)

Note: Modifies the verb 'avadan'.

च (ca) - and, also (connects clauses or elements) (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

Note: A conjunctive particle.

अपि (api) - even (also, even, too)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes the idea of speaking loudly at night.

अवदन् (avadan) - they spoke (referring to unspecified people) (they spoke, they said)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of vad

Root: vad (class 1)

Note: Main verb of the first clause.

रात्रौ (rātrau) - at night (at night, in the night)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of rātri

rātri - night

Note: Indicates the time of the action.

नीचैः (nīcaiḥ) - dimly (referring to the fire) (lowly, softly, dimly, down)

(indeclinable)

Note: Modifies the verb 'ajvalat'.

तत्र (tatra) - there (there, in that place)

(indeclinable)

Note: Indicates the location of the fire.

अग्निः (agniḥ) - the fire (fire, god of fire)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of agni

agni - fire, sacred fire, god Agni

Note: Subject of the verb 'ajvalat'.

अज्वलत् (ajvalat) - it burned (it burned, it shone)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of jval

Root: jval (class 1)

Note: Main verb describing the fire.

पुत्राः (putrāḥ) - the sons (sons, children)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of putra

putra - son, child

Note: Subject of the verb 'abhyavadan'.

पितॄन् (pitṝn) - their fathers (fathers, ancestors)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of pitṛ

pitṛ - father, ancestor

Note: Object of the verb 'abhyavadan'.

अभ्यवदन् (abhyavadan) - they spoke disrespectfully to (they spoke against, they reviled, they addressed)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of abhivad

Prefix: abhi

Root: vad (class 1)

Note: Verb describing the disrespectful speech of sons and wives.

भार्याः (bhāryāḥ) - the wives (wives, married women)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of bhāryā

bhāryā - wife, married woman

Gerundive/Future Passive Participle (feminine)

From √bhṛ (to bear, support) + feminine suffix.

Root: bhṛ (class 3)

Note: Subject of the second 'abhyavadan'.

पतीन् (patīn) - their husbands (husbands, lords, masters)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of pati

pati - husband, lord, master, owner

Note: Object of the second 'abhyavadan'.

Previous Verse Next Verse