महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-221, verse-38

सदा हि ददतां धर्मः सदा चाप्रतिगृह्णताम् ।
अर्धं च रात्र्याः स्वपतां दिवा चास्वपतां तथा ॥३८॥

38. sadā hi dadatāṁ dharmaḥ sadā cāpratigṛhṇatām ,
ardhaṁ ca rātryāḥ svapatāṁ divā cāsvapatāṁ tathā.

38. sadā hi dadatām dharmaḥ sadā ca apratigṛhṇatām
ardham ca rātryāḥ svapatām divā ca asvapatām tathā

38. hi sadā dadatām dharmaḥ ca sadā apratigṛhṇatām ca
tathā rātryāḥ ardham svapatām ca divā asvapatām

38. Indeed, it is always the intrinsic nature (dharma) of those who give, and always of those who do not accept gifts. And similarly, it is the characteristic of those who sleep for half the night and do not sleep during the day.

Words meanings summery:

• सदा (sadā) - always (always, ever, perpetually)

• हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, for, because, surely)

• ददताम् (dadatām) - of those who give (of givers, of those giving)

• धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - intrinsic nature (dharma) (constitution, natural law, intrinsic nature, duty, righteousness)

• सदा (sadā) - always (always, ever, perpetually)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• अप्रतिगृह्णताम् (apratigṛhṇatām) - of those who do not accept gifts (of non-receivers, of those not accepting gifts)

• अर्धम् (ardham) - half (half, part, portion)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• रात्र्याः (rātryāḥ) - of the night

• स्वपताम् (svapatām) - of those who sleep (of those sleeping, of sleepers)

• दिवा (divā) - during the day (by day, during the day)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• अस्वपताम् (asvapatām) - of those who do not sleep (of those not sleeping, of non-sleepers)

• तथा (tathā) - similarly (thus, so, in the same way, similarly)

Words meanings and morphology

सदा (sadā) - always (always, ever, perpetually)

(indeclinable)

हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, for, because, surely)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic or causal particle.

ददताम् (dadatām) - of those who give (of givers, of those giving)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of dadat

dadat - giving, granting

Present Active Participle

Derived from root 'dā' (to give) with suffix '-at'

Root: dā (class 3)

धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - intrinsic nature (dharma) (constitution, natural law, intrinsic nature, duty, righteousness)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - constitution, natural law, intrinsic nature, righteousness, duty, virtue, cosmic order

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

सदा (sadā) - always (always, ever, perpetually)

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

अप्रतिगृह्णताम् (apratigṛhṇatām) - of those who do not accept gifts (of non-receivers, of those not accepting gifts)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of apratigṛhṇat

apratigṛhṇat - not accepting, not receiving

Present Active Participle

Derived from negative prefix 'a-' and root 'grah' (to seize, take) with prefix 'prati-' and suffix '-at'

Prefix: prati

Root: grah (class 9)

अर्धम् (ardham) - half (half, part, portion)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of ardha

ardha - half, a part, a side

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

रात्र्याः (rātryāḥ) - of the night

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, singular of rātri

rātri - night

स्वपताम् (svapatām) - of those who sleep (of those sleeping, of sleepers)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of svapat

svapat - sleeping

Present Active Participle

Derived from root 'svap' (to sleep) with suffix '-at'

Root: svap (class 1)

दिवा (divā) - during the day (by day, during the day)

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

अस्वपताम् (asvapatām) - of those who do not sleep (of those not sleeping, of non-sleepers)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of asvapat

asvapat - not sleeping, awake

Present Active Participle

Derived from negative prefix 'a-' and root 'svap' (to sleep) with suffix '-at'

Compound type : negation (a+svapat)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• svapat – sleeping
  adjective (masculine)
  Present Active Participle
  Derived from root 'svap' (to sleep) with suffix '-at'
  Root: svap (class 1)

तथा (tathā) - similarly (thus, so, in the same way, similarly)

(indeclinable)