महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-221, verse-50

सभासदां ते वृद्धानां सत्याः कथयतां कथाः ।
प्राहसन्नभ्यसूयंश्च सर्ववृद्धान्गुणावराः ॥५०॥

50. sabhāsadāṁ te vṛddhānāṁ satyāḥ kathayatāṁ kathāḥ ,
prāhasannabhyasūyaṁśca sarvavṛddhānguṇāvarāḥ.

50. sabhāsadām te vṛddhānām satyāḥ kathayatām kathāḥ
prāhasan abhyasūyan ca sarvavṛddhān guṇāvarāḥ

50. guṇāvarāḥ te sabhāsadām vṛddhānām satyāḥ kathāḥ
kathayatām sarvavṛddhān prāhasan ca abhyasūyan

50. Those of inferior qualities (guṇāvarāḥ) laughed at and disparaged all the elders (sarvavṛddhān), who were members of the assembly (sabhāsadām), venerable (vṛddhānām), and recounting true stories.

Words meanings summery:

• सभासदाम् (sabhāsadām) - of the assembly members, of the councillors

• ते (te) - these (referring to 'guṇāvarāḥ') (they, those)

• वृद्धानाम् (vṛddhānām) - of the elders, of the venerable ones

• सत्याः (satyāḥ) - true, real, truthful

• कथयताम् (kathayatām) - of those who were narrating/telling

• कथाः (kathāḥ) - stories, narratives, tales

• प्राहसन् (prāhasan) - they laughed (at)

• अभ्यसूयन् (abhyasūyan) - they envied, they disparaged

• च (ca) - and, also

• सर्ववृद्धान् (sarvavṛddhān) - all the elders

• गुणावराः (guṇāvarāḥ) - those of inferior qualities, younger ones

Words meanings and morphology

सभासदाम् (sabhāsadām) - of the assembly members, of the councillors

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of sabhāsad

sabhāsad - assembly member, councillor, judge

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sabhā+sad)

• sabhā – assembly, council, court
  noun (feminine)
• sad – sitting, residing (nominalized root)
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root 'sad' (to sit).
  Root: sad (class 1)

ते (te) - these (referring to 'guṇāvarāḥ') (they, those)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to 'guṇāvarāḥ' as the subject of the verbs.

वृद्धानाम् (vṛddhānām) - of the elders, of the venerable ones

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of vṛddha

vṛddha - old, aged, elder, venerable, grown

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle of root 'vṛdh'.

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

सत्याः (satyāḥ) - true, real, truthful

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, plural of satya

satya - true, real, truthful, correct

कथयताम् (kathayatām) - of those who were narrating/telling

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of kathayat

kathayat - narrating, telling, speaking

Present Active Participle

Present active participle of the causative verb 'kathay' from root 'kath'.

Root: kath (class 10)

कथाः (kathāḥ) - stories, narratives, tales

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of kathā

kathā - story, narrative, tale, discourse

Root: kath (class 10)

प्राहसन् (prāhasan) - they laughed (at)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of prahas

Prefix: pra

Root: has (class 1)

अभ्यसूयन् (abhyasūyan) - they envied, they disparaged

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of abhyasūy

Prefix: abhi

Root: asūy (class 1)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

सर्ववृद्धान् (sarvavṛddhān) - all the elders

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of sarvavṛddha

sarvavṛddha - all the elders, all aged persons

Compound type : karma-dhāraya (sarva+vṛddha)

• sarva – all, every, whole
  adjective (masculine)
• vṛddha – old, aged, elder, venerable
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Past Passive Participle of root 'vṛdh'.
  Root: vṛdh (class 1)

गुणावराः (guṇāvarāḥ) - those of inferior qualities, younger ones

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of guṇāvara

guṇāvara - inferior in quality, of less virtue, younger, less important

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (guṇa+avara)

• guṇa – quality, virtue, attribute
  noun (masculine)
• avara – inferior, lower, younger, later
  adjective (masculine)