महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-221, verse-53

तथा धर्मादपेतेन कर्मणा गर्हितेन ये ।
महतः प्राप्नुवन्त्यर्थांस्तेष्वेषामभवत्स्पृहा ॥५३॥

53. tathā dharmādapetena karmaṇā garhitena ye ,
mahataḥ prāpnuvantyarthāṁsteṣveṣāmabhavatspṛhā.

53. tathā dharmāt apetena karmaṇā garhitena ye
mahataḥ prāpnuvanti arthān teṣu eṣām abhavat spṛhā

53. tathā eṣām spṛhā abhavat teṣu ye dharmāt apetena
garhitena karmaṇā mahataḥ arthān prāpnuvanti

53. Similarly, a strong desire arose in them for the considerable wealth that others acquired through reprehensible actions, which deviated from natural law (dharma).

Words meanings summery:

• तथा (tathā) - similarly (thus, so, similarly)

• धर्मात् (dharmāt) - from natural law (dharma) (from natural law (dharma), from righteousness, from intrinsic nature)

• अपेतेन (apetena) - deviated from (dharma) (deviated, departed, gone away from)

• कर्मणा (karmaṇā) - by action (karma) (by action (karma), by deed, by ritual)

• गर्हितेन (garhitena) - reprehensible (censurable, blameable, reprehensible)

• ये (ye) - which/that (referring to the wealth) (who, which, those who)

• महतः (mahataḥ) - considerable (wealth) (great, large, considerable, mighty)

• प्राप्नुवन्ति (prāpnuvanti) - they acquire (they obtain, they reach, they acquire)

• अर्थान् (arthān) - wealth, gains (objects, purposes, wealth, meanings, things)

• तेषु (teṣu) - for those (gains/wealth) (in them, among them, for them)

• एषाम् (eṣām) - of these (people), referring to those who developed the desire (of these, to these)

• अभवत् (abhavat) - there arose, it became (it was, it became, there was)

• स्पृहा (spṛhā) - a strong desire (desire, longing, craving, eagerness)

Words meanings and morphology

तथा (tathā) - similarly (thus, so, similarly)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects this verse to preceding context, indicating similarity.

धर्मात् (dharmāt) - from natural law (dharma) (from natural law (dharma), from righteousness, from intrinsic nature)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, righteousness, duty, virtue, intrinsic nature, constitution

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Indicates separation or deviation from 'dharma'.

अपेतेन (apetena) - deviated from (dharma) (deviated, departed, gone away from)

(adjective)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of apeta

apeta - deviated, departed, gone away from, absent

Past Passive Participle

From 'apa-√i' (to go away).

Prefix: apa

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'karmaṇā' (neuter instrumental singular), describing the action.

कर्मणा (karmaṇā) - by action (karma) (by action (karma), by deed, by ritual)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of karman

karman - action, deed, work, ritual, fate (karma)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Indicates the means by which wealth is obtained.

गर्हितेन (garhitena) - reprehensible (censurable, blameable, reprehensible)

(adjective)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of garhita

garhita - censured, blamed, reprehensible

Past Passive Participle

From √garh (to blame, censure).

Root: garh (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'karmaṇā' (neuter instrumental singular).

ये (ye) - which/that (referring to the wealth) (who, which, those who)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ya

ya - who, which, what

Note: Refers to unnamed individuals who acquire wealth.

महतः (mahataḥ) - considerable (wealth) (great, large, considerable, mighty)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of mahat

mahat - great, large, considerable, mighty, noble

Note: Agrees with 'arthān' in gender, number, and case, here used as an accusative plural masculine form of 'mahat'.

प्राप्नुवन्ति (prāpnuvanti) - they acquire (they obtain, they reach, they acquire)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of prāp

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Main verb of the relative clause.

अर्थान् (arthān) - wealth, gains (objects, purposes, wealth, meanings, things)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of artha

artha - object, purpose, meaning, wealth, thing, affair

Note: Direct object of 'prāpnuvanti'.

तेषु (teṣu) - for those (gains/wealth) (in them, among them, for them)

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Refers to the 'arthān' (wealth/gains) and indicates the object of desire.

एषाम् (eṣām) - of these (people), referring to those who developed the desire (of these, to these)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of etad

etad - this, these

Note: Indicates the possessor of the 'spṛhā'.

अभवत् (abhavat) - there arose, it became (it was, it became, there was)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Main verb of the second clause, with 'spṛhā' as its subject.

स्पृहा (spṛhā) - a strong desire (desire, longing, craving, eagerness)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of spṛhā

spṛhā - desire, longing, craving, eagerness

Root: spṛh (class 10)

Note: Subject of 'abhavat'.