महाभारतः
mahābhārataḥ
-
book-12, chapter-221, verse-92
न जात्वकाले कुसुमं कुतः फलं पपात वृक्षात्पवनेरितादपि ।
रसप्रदाः कामदुघाश्च धेनवो न दारुणा वाग्विचचार कस्यचित् ॥९२॥
रसप्रदाः कामदुघाश्च धेनवो न दारुणा वाग्विचचार कस्यचित् ॥९२॥
92. na jātvakāle kusumaṁ kutaḥ phalaṁ; papāta vṛkṣātpavaneritādapi ,
rasapradāḥ kāmadughāśca dhenavo; na dāruṇā vāgvicacāra kasyacit.
rasapradāḥ kāmadughāśca dhenavo; na dāruṇā vāgvicacāra kasyacit.
92.
na jātu akāle kusumam kutaḥ phalam
papāta vṛkṣāt pavaneritāt api |
rasapradāḥ kāmadughāḥ ca dhenavaḥ
na dāruṇā vāc vicacāra kasyacit
papāta vṛkṣāt pavaneritāt api |
rasapradāḥ kāmadughāḥ ca dhenavaḥ
na dāruṇā vāc vicacāra kasyacit
92.
kusumam akāle na jātu papāta vṛkṣāt
pavaneritāt api kutaḥ phalam
dhenavaḥ rasapradāḥ kāmadughāḥ
ca kasyacit dāruṇā vāc na vicacāra
pavaneritāt api kutaḥ phalam
dhenavaḥ rasapradāḥ kāmadughāḥ
ca kasyacit dāruṇā vāc na vicacāra
92.
Never did a flower, much less a fruit, fall from a tree out of season, even if agitated by the wind. The cows were giving ample milk and fulfilling all desires, and no harsh word was spoken by anyone.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- न (na) - never (in conjunction with jātu) (not, no, never)
- जातु (jātu) - never (in conjunction with na) (ever, at any time)
- अकाले (akāle) - at an untimely moment, out of season
- कुसुमम् (kusumam) - flower
- कुतः (kutaḥ) - much less (implying "how could a fruit fall if a flower didn't?") (whence, from where, why, how can it be, much less)
- फलम् (phalam) - fruit, result, consequence
- पपात (papāta) - fell, dropped
- वृक्षात् (vṛkṣāt) - from a tree
- पवनेरितात् (pavaneritāt) - (from a tree) shaken by the wind (from that which is shaken by the wind, wind-blown)
- अपि (api) - even (emphasizing the condition) (also, even, too)
- रसप्रदाः (rasapradāḥ) - (cows) giving ample milk (yielding juice/essence, giving milk)
- कामदुघाः (kāmadughāḥ) - (cows) fulfilling all desires (like Kāmadhenu) (wish-fulfilling, yielding all desires)
- च (ca) - and
- धेनवः (dhenavaḥ) - cows
- न (na) - not, no, never
- दारुणा (dāruṇā) - (speech) harsh (harsh, cruel, severe)
- वाच् (vāc) - speech, word
- विचचार (vicacāra) - (speech) was uttered/spoken (roamed, wandered, circulated, was uttered/spoken)
- कस्यचित् (kasyacit) - of anyone, by anyone
Words meanings and morphology
न (na) - never (in conjunction with jātu) (not, no, never)
(indeclinable)
Negative particle.
जातु (jātu) - never (in conjunction with na) (ever, at any time)
(indeclinable)
Temporal indeclinable.
Note: na jātu means "never".
अकाले (akāle) - at an untimely moment, out of season
(noun)
Locative, masculine, singular of akāla
akāla - untimely, out of season, wrong time
a (negation) + kāla (time).
Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+kāla)
- a – not, un-, negation
indeclinable
Negation prefix. - kāla – time, season
noun (masculine)
कुसुमम् (kusumam) - flower
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of kusuma
kusuma - flower, blossom
Note: Also accusative possible, but nominative fits here as subject.
कुतः (kutaḥ) - much less (implying "how could a fruit fall if a flower didn't?") (whence, from where, why, how can it be, much less)
(indeclinable)
From kim (what) + suffix tas.
फलम् (phalam) - fruit, result, consequence
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of phala
phala - fruit, result, reward, consequence
Note: Also accusative possible, but nominative fits here as subject.
पपात (papāta) - fell, dropped
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of pat
Perfect tense, 3rd person singular
Reduplicated perfect form of root pat.
Root: pat (class 1)
वृक्षात् (vṛkṣāt) - from a tree
(noun)
Ablative, masculine, singular of vṛkṣa
vṛkṣa - tree
पवनेरितात् (pavaneritāt) - (from a tree) shaken by the wind (from that which is shaken by the wind, wind-blown)
(adjective)
Ablative, masculine, singular of pavanerita
pavanerita - agitated by wind, moved by wind, wind-blown
Compound: pavana (wind) + īrita (agitated, pp. from īr).
Compound type : tṛtīyā-tatpuruṣa (pavana+īrita)
- pavana – wind, air
noun (masculine)
From root pū (to purify, to blow).
Root: pū (class 9) - īrita – moved, agitated, caused
adjective (masculine)
Past Passive Participle
From root īr (to move, to agitate) + suffix kta.
Root: īr (class 1)
Note: Agrees with vṛkṣāt.
अपि (api) - even (emphasizing the condition) (also, even, too)
(indeclinable)
Particle.
रसप्रदाः (rasapradāḥ) - (cows) giving ample milk (yielding juice/essence, giving milk)
(adjective)
Nominative, feminine, plural of rasaprada
rasaprada - giving juice, yielding essence, giving milk (for cows)
Compound: rasa (juice/essence/milk) + prada (giving).
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rasa+prada)
- rasa – juice, essence, taste, fluid, milk
noun (masculine)
Root: ras (class 1) - prada – giving, bestowing
adjective (masculine)
Agent noun (Kṛt suffix)
From root dā (to give) with prefix pra.
Prefix: pra
Root: dā (class 3)
Note: Agrees with dhenavaḥ.
कामदुघाः (kāmadughāḥ) - (cows) fulfilling all desires (like Kāmadhenu) (wish-fulfilling, yielding all desires)
(adjective)
Nominative, feminine, plural of kāmadugha
kāmadugha - yielding desires, wish-fulfilling (like a mythical cow)
Compound: kāma (desire) + dugha (yielding, milking).
Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (kāma+dugha)
- kāma – desire, wish, love
noun (masculine)
From root kam (to desire).
Root: kam (class 1) - dugha – yielding, milking, producing
adjective (masculine)
Agent noun (Kṛt suffix)
From root duh (to milk, to yield).
Root: duh (class 2)
Note: Agrees with dhenavaḥ.
च (ca) - and
(indeclinable)
Conjunction.
धेनवः (dhenavaḥ) - cows
(noun)
Nominative, feminine, plural of dhenu
dhenu - milch cow, cow
From root dhī (to suckle) or dhā (to yield).
Root: dhī/dhā (class 3)
न (na) - not, no, never
(indeclinable)
Negative particle.
दारुणा (dāruṇā) - (speech) harsh (harsh, cruel, severe)
(adjective)
Nominative, feminine, singular of dāruṇa
dāruṇa - harsh, cruel, severe, dreadful
From dāru (wood) + suffix uṇa (like wood, hard, harsh).
Note: Agrees with vāc.
वाच् (vāc) - speech, word
(noun)
Nominative, feminine, singular of vāc
vāc - speech, word, voice, language
From root vac (to speak).
Root: vac (class 2)
विचचार (vicacāra) - (speech) was uttered/spoken (roamed, wandered, circulated, was uttered/spoken)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vi-car
Perfect tense, 3rd person singular
Reduplicated perfect form of root car with prefix vi.
Prefix: vi
Root: car (class 1)
कस्यचित् (kasyacit) - of anyone, by anyone
(pronoun)
Genitive, masculine, singular of ka-cid
ka-cid - someone, anyone, a certain one
From interrogative pronoun ka + indefinite particle cid.
Note: Used to express "of anyone" or "by anyone" as a genitive of agent or possession.