महाभारतः
mahābhārataḥ
-
book-12, chapter-221, verse-70
परस्वादानरुचयो विपण्यव्यवहारिणः ।
अदृश्यन्तार्यवर्णेषु शूद्राश्चापि तपोधनाः ॥७०॥
अदृश्यन्तार्यवर्णेषु शूद्राश्चापि तपोधनाः ॥७०॥
70. parasvādānarucayo vipaṇyavyavahāriṇaḥ ,
adṛśyantāryavarṇeṣu śūdrāścāpi tapodhanāḥ.
adṛśyantāryavarṇeṣu śūdrāścāpi tapodhanāḥ.
70.
parasvādānarucayaḥ vipaṇyavyavahāriṇaḥ
adṛśyanta āryavarṇeṣu śūdrāḥ ca api tapodhanāḥ
adṛśyanta āryavarṇeṣu śūdrāḥ ca api tapodhanāḥ
70.
parasvādānarucayaḥ (ca) vipaṇyavyavahāriṇaḥ (ca) āryavarṇeṣu adṛśyanta,
ca api tapodhanāḥ śūdrāḥ (adṛśyanta)
ca api tapodhanāḥ śūdrāḥ (adṛśyanta)
70.
Individuals with a propensity for seizing others' property, and those engaged in commercial dealings, were seen among the noble classes. Furthermore, even Śūdras who possessed austerity (tapas) as their sole wealth were observed.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- परस्वादानरुचयः (parasvādānarucayaḥ) - those whose inclination is to seize others' property
- विपण्यव्यवहारिणः (vipaṇyavyavahāriṇaḥ) - those engaged in trade, merchants
- अदृश्यन्त (adṛśyanta) - they were seen, they appeared
- आर्यवर्णेषु (āryavarṇeṣu) - among the Brahmin, Kṣatriya, and Vaiśya varṇas (among the noble classes/varṇas)
- शूद्राः (śūdrāḥ) - Śūdras (the fourth social class)
- च (ca) - and
- अपि (api) - even, also
- तपोधनाः (tapodhanāḥ) - those whose wealth is austerity (tapas)/penance, ascetics
Words meanings and morphology
परस्वादानरुचयः (parasvādānarucayaḥ) - those whose inclination is to seize others' property
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, plural of parasvādānaruc
parasvādānaruc - desirous of seizing others' wealth
Compound type : bahuvrīhi (para+sva+ādāna+ruc)
- para – other, another
adjective - sva – wealth, property, one's own
noun (neuter) - ādāna – taking, seizing, receiving
noun (neuter)
From root dā (to give) with prefix ā
Prefix: ā
Root: dā (class 3) - ruc – desire, inclination, taste
noun (feminine)
From root ruc (to shine, to please)
Root: ruc (class 1)
विपण्यव्यवहारिणः (vipaṇyavyavahāriṇaḥ) - those engaged in trade, merchants
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, plural of vipaṇyavyavahārin
vipaṇyavyavahārin - trader, merchant, one engaged in commercial dealings
Derived from vipaṇya-vyavahāra + suffix -in
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vipaṇya+vyavahārin)
- vipaṇya – merchandise, goods for sale, trade
noun (neuter)
Gerundive/PPT
From root paṇ (to barter) with prefix vi
Prefix: vi
Root: paṇ (class 1) - vyavahārin – practicing, engaged in, dealer
adjective
agent noun/adjective from root hṛ
Suffix -in indicating an agent or practitioner, from root hṛ with prefixes vi and ava
Prefixes: vi+ava
Root: hṛ (class 1)
अदृश्यन्त (adṛśyanta) - they were seen, they appeared
(verb)
3rd person , plural, passive, imperfect past (laṅ) of dṛś
Root: dṛś (class 1)
Note: Third person plural imperfect passive of root dṛś.
आर्यवर्णेषु (āryavarṇeṣu) - among the Brahmin, Kṣatriya, and Vaiśya varṇas (among the noble classes/varṇas)
(noun)
Locative, masculine, plural of āryavarṇa
āryavarṇa - noble class, Āryan varna
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ārya+varṇa)
- ārya – noble, honorable, respectable, Aryan
adjective - varṇa – color, class, caste, social order
noun (masculine)
From root vṛ (to cover, to choose)
Root: vṛ (class 5)
शूद्राः (śūdrāḥ) - Śūdras (the fourth social class)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of śūdra
śūdra - a member of the fourth Hindu social class, a laborer
च (ca) - and
(indeclinable)
अपि (api) - even, also
(indeclinable)
तपोधनाः (tapodhanāḥ) - those whose wealth is austerity (tapas)/penance, ascetics
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, plural of tapodhana
tapodhana - one whose wealth is austerity (tapas), an ascetic
Compound type : bahuvrīhi (tapas+dhana)
- tapas – austerity, penance, spiritual fervor
noun (neuter)
Root: tap (class 1) - dhana – wealth, property, riches
noun (neuter)
Note: Agrees with 'śūdrāḥ'.