महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-221, verse-43

नैकेऽश्नन्ति सुसंपन्नं न गच्छन्ति परस्त्रियम् ।
सर्वभूतेष्ववर्तन्त यथात्मनि दयां प्रति ॥४३॥

43. naike'śnanti susaṁpannaṁ na gacchanti parastriyam ,
sarvabhūteṣvavartanta yathātmani dayāṁ prati.

43. na eke aśnanti su-sampannam na gacchanti para-striyam
sarva-bhūteṣu avartanta yathā ātmani dayām prati

43. eke na su-sampannam aśnanti,
na ca para-striyam gacchanti; sarva-bhūteṣu yathā ātmani dayām prati avartanta

43. Many (people) do not consume lavish food, nor do they approach another's wife. They always extend kindness to all beings (sarvabhūteṣu), just as they would to their own self (ātman).

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - negation (not, no, nor)

• एके (eke) - many (implies 'not just one') (some, certain ones, many)

• अश्नन्ति (aśnanti) - they consume (they eat, they consume)

• सु-सम्पन्नम् (su-sampannam) - plentiful (food) (well-endowed, very rich, prosperous, plentiful, well-prepared)

• न (na) - negation (not, no, nor)

• गच्छन्ति (gacchanti) - they approach (sexually) (they go, they approach)

• पर-स्त्रियम् (para-striyam) - another's wife (another's wife, a stranger's wife)

• सर्व-भूतेषु (sarva-bhūteṣu) - towards all beings (in all beings, among all creatures, towards all beings)

• अवर्तन्त (avartanta) - they behaved, they always extended (kindness) (they existed, they behaved, they acted)

• यथा (yathā) - just as (as, just as, in what manner)

• आत्मनि (ātmani) - towards their own self (ātman) (in the self, towards the self, for oneself)

• दयाम् (dayām) - kindness, compassion (kindness, compassion, mercy)

• प्रति (prati) - concerning, with regard to (towards, against, concerning, in return for)

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - negation (not, no, nor)

(indeclinable)

एके (eke) - many (implies 'not just one') (some, certain ones, many)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of eka

eka - one, single, unique, some, certain

Note: From eka, masculine nominative plural, implying 'many' when used with 'na'.

अश्नन्ति (aśnanti) - they consume (they eat, they consume)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of aś

Present Active Indicative

3rd person plural, Parasmaipada, Present tense

Root: aś (class 9)

सु-सम्पन्नम् (su-sampannam) - plentiful (food) (well-endowed, very rich, prosperous, plentiful, well-prepared)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of susampanna

susampanna - well-endowed, prosperous, rich, complete, plentiful

Compound type : karma-dhāraya (su+sampanna)

• su – good, well, excellent
  indeclinable
• sampanna – accomplished, complete, rich, provided with, obtained
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  from sam-pad (to be complete, to happen)
  Prefix: sam
  Root: pad (class 4)

Note: Qualifies an implied 'food' (annam).

न (na) - negation (not, no, nor)

(indeclinable)

गच्छन्ति (gacchanti) - they approach (sexually) (they go, they approach)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of gam

Present Active Indicative

3rd person plural, Parasmaipada, Present tense

Root: gam (class 1)

पर-स्त्रियम् (para-striyam) - another's wife (another's wife, a stranger's wife)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of parastrī

parastrī - another's wife

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (para+strī)

• para – other, another, supreme, highest
  adjective (masculine)
• strī – woman, wife
  noun (feminine)

सर्व-भूतेषु (sarva-bhūteṣu) - towards all beings (in all beings, among all creatures, towards all beings)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, plural of sarvabhūta

sarvabhūta - all beings, all creatures, all elements

Compound type : karma-dhāraya (sarva+bhūta)

• sarva – all, every, whole
  pronoun (masculine)
• bhūta – being, creature, element, past, happened
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  from bhū (to be, to exist)
  Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Locative plural, often implying 'towards' when associated with actions like showing kindness.

अवर्तन्त (avartanta) - they behaved, they always extended (kindness) (they existed, they behaved, they acted)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of vṛt

Imperfect Middle Indicative

3rd person plural, Ātmanepada, Imperfect tense (often conveys habitual action in past)

Root: vṛt (class 1)

यथा (yathā) - just as (as, just as, in what manner)

(indeclinable)

आत्मनि (ātmani) - towards their own self (ātman) (in the self, towards the self, for oneself)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, spirit, essence

दयाम् (dayām) - kindness, compassion (kindness, compassion, mercy)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of dayā

dayā - compassion, pity, kindness, mercy

Note: Object of the implied action of showing/extending.

प्रति (prati) - concerning, with regard to (towards, against, concerning, in return for)

(indeclinable)

Note: When used with accusative, it often means 'towards' or 'regarding'. Here, 'dayām prati' means 'with regard to kindness'.

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