महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-221, verse-57

न शौचमनुरुध्यन्त तेषां सूदजनास्तथा ।
मनसा कर्मणा वाचा भक्तमासीदनावृतम् ॥५७॥

57. na śaucamanurudhyanta teṣāṁ sūdajanāstathā ,
manasā karmaṇā vācā bhaktamāsīdanāvṛtam.

57. na śaucam anurudhyanta teṣām sūdajanāḥ tathā
manasā karmaṇā vācā bhaktam āsīt anāvṛtam

57. Neither in thought, word, nor deed did they or their cooks maintain purity (śauca). The food (bhakta) was left uncovered.

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - not, nor

• शौचम् (śaucam) - ritual purity or physical cleanliness (purity, cleanliness)

• अनुरुध्यन्त (anurudhyanta) - they observed (purity) (they followed, they adhered to, they observed)

• तेषाम् (teṣām) - their (referring to the implied subjects) (of them, their)

• सूदजनाः (sūdajanāḥ) - cooks, kitchen staff

• तथा (tathā) - likewise, also (thus, so, likewise, also)

• मनसा (manasā) - by thought (by mind, with mind, mentally)

• कर्मणा (karmaṇā) - by action (karma) (by action, by deed)

• वाचा (vācā) - by word, by speech

• भक्तम् (bhaktam) - food (food, devoted)

• आसीत् (āsīt) - was (was, existed)

• अनावृतम् (anāvṛtam) - uncovered (uncovered, unrestrained, not hidden)

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - not, nor

(indeclinable)

शौचम् (śaucam) - ritual purity or physical cleanliness (purity, cleanliness)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śauca

śauca - purity, cleanliness, integrity

Derived from śuci (pure)

अनुरुध्यन्त (anurudhyanta) - they observed (purity) (they followed, they adhered to, they observed)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, imperfect (laṅ) of rudh

Prefix: anu

Root: rudh (class 7)

तेषाम् (teṣām) - their (referring to the implied subjects) (of them, their)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Note: masculine genitive plural of tad

सूदजनाः (sūdajanāḥ) - cooks, kitchen staff

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sūdajana

sūdajana - cook, kitchen servant

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sūda+jana)

• sūda – cook, soup, juice
  noun (masculine)
• jana – person, people, man
  noun (masculine)

Note: Compound meaning 'cook-person'.

तथा (tathā) - likewise, also (thus, so, likewise, also)

(indeclinable)

मनसा (manasā) - by thought (by mind, with mind, mentally)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of manas

manas - mind, intellect, thought, heart

कर्मणा (karmaṇā) - by action (karma) (by action, by deed)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of karman

karman - action, deed, work, ritual

Derived from root kṛ (to do)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

वाचा (vācā) - by word, by speech

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of vāc

vāc - word, speech, voice

भक्तम् (bhaktam) - food (food, devoted)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of bhakta

bhakta - food, divided, devoted

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root bhaj (to divide, distribute, serve). Can be noun (food) or adjective (devoted).

Root: bhaj (class 1)

Note: Here as a noun meaning 'food'.

आसीत् (āsīt) - was (was, existed)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of as

Root: as (class 2)

अनावृतम् (anāvṛtam) - uncovered (uncovered, unrestrained, not hidden)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of anāvṛta

anāvṛta - uncovered, open, unrestrained, not concealed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root vṛ (to cover) with prefix ā, and negation a-

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+āvṛta)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  negation prefix
• āvṛta – covered, surrounded
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root vṛ (to cover) with prefix ā
  Prefix: ā
  Root: vṛ (class 5)