महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-221, verse-49

ततः कालविपर्यासे तेषां गुणविपर्ययात् ।
अपश्यं विगतं धर्मं कामक्रोधवशात्मनाम् ॥४९॥

49. tataḥ kālaviparyāse teṣāṁ guṇaviparyayāt ,
apaśyaṁ vigataṁ dharmaṁ kāmakrodhavaśātmanām.

49. tataḥ kālaviparyāse teṣām guṇaviparyayāt
apaśyam vigatam dharmam kāmakrodhavaśātmanām

49. tataḥ kālaviparyāse teṣām guṇaviparyayāt
kāmakrodhavaśātmanām vigatam dharmam apaśyam

49. Thereafter, with the revolution of time, and due to the deterioration of their qualities, I observed the intrinsic nature (dharma) vanished among them, whose selves (ātman) were under the sway of desire and anger.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter, from that

• कालविपर्यासे (kālaviparyāse) - in the change of time, in the revolution of time

• तेषाम् (teṣām) - of them, their

• गुणविपर्ययात् (guṇaviparyayāt) - due to the reversal/deterioration of qualities

• अपश्यम् (apaśyam) - I saw, I observed

• विगतम् (vigatam) - gone, vanished, lost, departed

• धर्मम् (dharmam) - intrinsic nature (dharma), righteousness (intrinsic nature, natural law, virtue, righteousness)

• कामक्रोधवशात्मनाम् (kāmakrodhavaśātmanām) - of those whose selves are under the sway of desire and anger

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter, from that

(indeclinable)

कालविपर्यासे (kālaviparyāse) - in the change of time, in the revolution of time

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of kālaviparyāsa

kālaviparyāsa - change of time, revolution of time, altered state of time

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kāla+viparyāsa)

• kāla – time, epoch, season
  noun (masculine)
• viparyāsa – reversal, change, inversion, altered state
  noun (masculine)
  Prefixes: vi+pari
  Root: as (class 4)

तेषाम् (teṣām) - of them, their

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

गुणविपर्ययात् (guṇaviparyayāt) - due to the reversal/deterioration of qualities

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of guṇaviparyaya

guṇaviparyaya - reversal of qualities, deterioration of virtues

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (guṇa+viparyaya)

• guṇa – quality, virtue, attribute
  noun (masculine)
• viparyaya – change, reversal, inversion, calamity
  noun (masculine)
  Prefixes: vi+pari
  Root: i (class 2)

अपश्यम् (apaśyam) - I saw, I observed

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of dṛś

Root: dṛś (class 1)

विगतम् (vigatam) - gone, vanished, lost, departed

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vigata

vigata - gone, departed, vanished, lost, passed away

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle of 'vi-gam'.

Prefix: vi

Root: gam (class 1)

धर्मम् (dharmam) - intrinsic nature (dharma), righteousness (intrinsic nature, natural law, virtue, righteousness)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - constitution, natural law, intrinsic nature, righteousness, duty, virtue, cosmic order

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

कामक्रोधवशात्मनाम् (kāmakrodhavaśātmanām) - of those whose selves are under the sway of desire and anger

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of kāmakrodhavaśātman

kāmakrodhavaśātman - whose self is controlled by desire and anger

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (kāma+krodha+vaśa+ātman)

• kāma – desire, lust, love
  noun (masculine)
  Root: kam (class 1)
• krodha – anger, wrath
  noun (masculine)
  Root: krudh (class 4)
• vaśa – sway, control, power
  noun (masculine)
  Root: vaś (class 2)
• ātman – self, soul, essence, spirit
  noun (masculine)