महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-221, verse-71

अधीयन्तेऽव्रताः केचिद्वृथाव्रतमथापरे ।
अशुश्रूषुर्गुरोः शिष्यः कश्चिच्छिष्यसखो गुरुः ॥७१॥

71. adhīyante'vratāḥ kecidvṛthāvratamathāpare ,
aśuśrūṣurguroḥ śiṣyaḥ kaścicchiṣyasakho guruḥ.

71. adhīyante avratāḥ kecit vṛthāvratam atha apare
aśuśrūṣuḥ guroḥ śiṣyaḥ kaścit śiṣyasakhaḥ guruḥ

71. kecit avratāḥ adhīyante atha apare vṛthāvratam kaścit
śiṣyaḥ guroḥ aśuśrūṣuḥ kaścit guruḥ śiṣyasakhaḥ

71. Some people study (the scriptures) without observing any vows, while others observe vows in vain. Some disciples are disinclined to serve their teacher, and some teachers (guru) act as friends to their disciples.

Words meanings summery:

• अधीयन्ते (adhīyante) - they study (the scriptures/knowledge) (they study, they learn, they recite)

• अव्रताः (avratāḥ) - those who do not observe (spiritual) vows (vow-less, not observing vows, irreligious)

• केचित् (kecit) - some (people) (some, certain ones)

• वृथाव्रतम् (vṛthāvratam) - (observing) vows in vain (vain vows, useless observances)

• अथ (atha) - while, and (then, and, moreover)

• अपरे (apare) - others (people) (others)

• अशुश्रूषुः (aśuśrūṣuḥ) - unwilling to serve (not desiring to hear, disobedient, unwilling to serve)

• गुरोः (guroḥ) - of the teacher (of the teacher, from the teacher)

• शिष्यः (śiṣyaḥ) - disciple (disciple, student)

• कश्चित् (kaścit) - some (disciple/teacher) (some, a certain one)

• शिष्यसखः (śiṣyasakhaḥ) - acting as a friend to disciples (having disciples as friends, friendly with disciples)

• गुरुः (guruḥ) - teacher (guru) (teacher, spiritual preceptor (guru))

Words meanings and morphology

अधीयन्ते (adhīyante) - they study (the scriptures/knowledge) (they study, they learn, they recite)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present (laṭ) of adhī

Present Middle

root i (to go) with prefix adhi, present tense, middle voice, 3rd plural

Prefix: adhi

Root: i (class 2)

अव्रताः (avratāḥ) - those who do not observe (spiritual) vows (vow-less, not observing vows, irreligious)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of avrata

avrata - without vows, not observing vows, irreligious

Compound type : tatpurusha (a+vrata)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  negative prefix
• vrata – vow, sacred observance, religious practice
  noun (neuter)

Note: Implies 'people' as the subject.

केचित् (kecit) - some (people) (some, certain ones)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kacid

kacid - some, certain, any

Note: Derived from 'ka' (who) + 'cid' (an indefinite particle).

वृथाव्रतम् (vṛthāvratam) - (observing) vows in vain (vain vows, useless observances)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vṛthāvrata

vṛthāvrata - having vain vows, useless observance

Compound type : tatpurusha (vṛthā+vrata)

• vṛthā – in vain, uselessly, fruitlessly
  indeclinable
• vrata – vow, sacred observance, religious practice
  noun (neuter)

Note: Functions as an object or adverbial.

अथ (atha) - while, and (then, and, moreover)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used as a conjunction.

अपरे (apare) - others (people) (others)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of apara

apara - other, different, subsequent

अशुश्रूषुः (aśuśrūṣuḥ) - unwilling to serve (not desiring to hear, disobedient, unwilling to serve)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of aśuśrūṣu

aśuśrūṣu - not desirous of hearing, disobedient, unwilling to serve

from desiderative of śru (to hear) with negative prefix 'a'

compound of 'a' (neg.) and 'śuśrūṣu' (desirous to hear/serve). 'śuśrūṣu' is a desiderative agent noun/adjective from root śru (to hear) implying service.

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+śuśrūṣu)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  negative prefix
• śuśrūṣu – desirous of hearing, desirous of serving, obedient
  adjective (masculine)
  Desiderative agent noun/adjective
  From desiderative stem of √śru (to hear)
  Root: śru (class 5)

गुरोः (guroḥ) - of the teacher (of the teacher, from the teacher)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of guru

guru - teacher, spiritual preceptor (guru), heavy, important

Note: (guru)

शिष्यः (śiṣyaḥ) - disciple (disciple, student)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śiṣya

śiṣya - disciple, student, one to be taught

Gerundive

From root śās (to teach, command) + suffix -ya (gerundive)

Root: śās (class 2)

कश्चित् (kaścit) - some (disciple/teacher) (some, a certain one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kacid

kacid - some, certain, any

Note: Derived from 'ka' (who) + 'cid' (an indefinite particle).

शिष्यसखः (śiṣyasakhaḥ) - acting as a friend to disciples (having disciples as friends, friendly with disciples)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śiṣyasakha

śiṣyasakha - having disciples as friends

Compound type : bahuvrihi (śiṣya+sakha)

• śiṣya – disciple, student
  noun (masculine)
  Gerundive
  From root śās (to teach, command) + suffix -ya (gerundive)
  Root: śās (class 2)
• sakha – friend, companion
  noun (masculine)

गुरुः (guruḥ) - teacher (guru) (teacher, spiritual preceptor (guru))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of guru

guru - teacher, spiritual preceptor (guru), heavy, important

Note: (guru)