महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-221, verse-41

धर्ममेवान्ववर्तन्त न हिंसन्ति परस्परम् ।
अनुकूलाश्च कार्येषु गुरुवृद्धोपसेविनः ॥४१॥

41. dharmamevānvavartanta na hiṁsanti parasparam ,
anukūlāśca kāryeṣu guruvṛddhopasevinaḥ.

41. dharmam eva anvavartanta na hiṃsanti parasparam
anukūlāḥ ca kāryeṣu guruvṛddhopasevinaḥ

41. (te) dharmam eva anvavartanta parasparam na
hiṃsanti ca kāryeṣu anukūlāḥ guruvṛddhopasevinaḥ

41. They strictly followed their natural law (dharma), did not harm each other, were cooperative in their duties, and were devoted to serving their teachers and elders.

Words meanings summery:

• धर्मम् (dharmam) - natural law (dharma) (natural law, duty, righteousness)

• एव (eva) - only, strictly (indeed, only, just)

• अन्ववर्तन्त (anvavartanta) - they followed (they followed, they adhered to)

• न (na) - not

• हिंसन्ति (hiṁsanti) - they harm (they harm, they injure)

• परस्परम् (parasparam) - each other (each other, mutually)

• अनुकूलाः (anukūlāḥ) - cooperative (favorable, agreeable, cooperative)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• कार्येषु (kāryeṣu) - in duties (in tasks, in duties, in actions)

• गुरुवृद्धोपसेविनः (guruvṛddhopasevinaḥ) - devoted to serving their teachers and elders (serving teachers and elders)

Words meanings and morphology

धर्मम् (dharmam) - natural law (dharma) (natural law, duty, righteousness)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness, virtue, custom

From root dhṛ (to uphold, support)

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

एव (eva) - only, strictly (indeed, only, just)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

अन्ववर्तन्त (anvavartanta) - they followed (they followed, they adhered to)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, imperfect (laṅ) of vṛt

imperfect tense, 3rd person plural, Ātmanepada

anu + ava + root vṛt (1st class) -> anvavartanta

Prefixes: anu+ava

Root: vṛt (class 1)

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

Note: Negative particle.

हिंसन्ति (hiṁsanti) - they harm (they harm, they injure)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of hiṃs

present tense, 3rd person plural, Parasmaipada

Root hiṃs (7th class)

Root: hiṃs (class 7)

परस्परम् (parasparam) - each other (each other, mutually)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of paraspara

paraspara - mutual, reciprocal, each other

Note: Used adverbially.

अनुकूलाः (anukūlāḥ) - cooperative (favorable, agreeable, cooperative)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of anukūla

anukūla - favorable, agreeable, obliging, cooperative, suitable

anu (along, after) + kūla (bank, shore; hence, going along with)

Note: Adjective for the implied subject 'they'.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

कार्येषु (kāryeṣu) - in duties (in tasks, in duties, in actions)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, plural of kārya

kārya - deed, action, task, duty, business

Gerundive / Future Passive Participle

From root kṛ (to do), meaning 'that which should be done'

Root: kṛ (class 8)

गुरुवृद्धोपसेविनः (guruvṛddhopasevinaḥ) - devoted to serving their teachers and elders (serving teachers and elders)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of guruvṛddhopasevin

guruvṛddhopasevin - serving teachers and elders

Compound type : dvandva (guru+vṛddha+upasevin)

• guru – teacher, preceptor, respected person
  noun (masculine)
• vṛddha – old, aged, elder
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root vṛdh (to grow)
  Root: vṛdh (class 1)
• upasevin – attending, serving, worshipping
  adjective (masculine)
  agent noun derived from verb
  From upa + root sev (to serve), agent noun suffix -in
  Prefix: upa
  Root: sev (class 1)

Note: Adjective for the implied subject 'they'.