महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-221, verse-52

वर्तयन्त्येव पितरि पुत्राः प्रभवताऽऽत्मनः ।
अमित्रभृत्यतां प्राप्य ख्यापयन्तोऽनपत्रपाः ॥५२॥

52. vartayantyeva pitari putrāḥ prabhavatā''tmanaḥ ,
amitrabhṛtyatāṁ prāpya khyāpayanto'napatrapāḥ.

52. vartayanti eva pitari putrāḥ prabhavatā ātmanaḥ
amitrabṛtyatām prāpya khyāpayantaḥ anapatrapāḥ

52. pitari ātmanaḥ prabhavatā putrāḥ amitrabṛtyatām
prāpya anapatrapāḥ khyāpayantaḥ eva vartayanti

52. Even while the father was still master of himself, the sons behaved shamelessly, having attained a state of servitude to enemies, openly displaying their lack of shame.

Words meanings summery:

• वर्तयन्ति (vartayanti) - they (the sons) behaved (they behave, they act, they exist)

• एव (eva) - indeed, even (indeed, only, just, certainly)

• पितरि (pitari) - while the father (is, was) (in the father, on the father, regarding the father)

• पुत्राः (putrāḥ) - the sons (sons, children)

• प्रभवता (prabhavatā) - by the one who is master/powerful (describing the father's state) (by the powerful one, by the master, by the source)

• आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - of himself (the father) (of the self (ātman), of the soul, of oneself, of the individual spirit)

• अमित्रबृत्यताम् (amitrabṛtyatām) - the state of servitude to enemies (the state of servitude to enemies, enemy-servitude)

• प्राप्य (prāpya) - having attained (the state of servitude) (having obtained, having reached, having attained)

• ख्यापयन्तः (khyāpayantaḥ) - openly displaying (making known, proclaiming, displaying)

• अनपत्रपाः (anapatrapāḥ) - displaying their lack of shame, shameless (shameless, impudent)

Words meanings and morphology

वर्तयन्ति (vartayanti) - they (the sons) behaved (they behave, they act, they exist)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of vṛt

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: The main verb, describing the sons' actions.

एव (eva) - indeed, even (indeed, only, just, certainly)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes the preceding word 'vartayanti' or the entire clause.

पितरि (pitari) - while the father (is, was) (in the father, on the father, regarding the father)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of pitṛ

pitṛ - father

Note: Part of a descriptive locative construction 'pitari prabhavatā', meaning 'while the father is (or was) powerful/master'.

पुत्राः (putrāḥ) - the sons (sons, children)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of putra

putra - son, child

Note: The subject of the verb 'vartayanti'.

प्रभवता (prabhavatā) - by the one who is master/powerful (describing the father's state) (by the powerful one, by the master, by the source)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of prabhavat

prabhavat - powerful, master, origin, source

Present Active Participle

From 'pra-√bhū' (to be able, to be master, to originate).

Prefix: pra

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Describes 'pitari', forming a descriptive phrase 'pitari...prabhavatā ātmanaḥ' meaning 'while the father is master of himself'.

आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - of himself (the father) (of the self (ātman), of the soul, of oneself, of the individual spirit)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, spirit, essence, life, mind

Note: Possessive, modifying 'prabhavatā' to mean 'master of himself'.

अमित्रबृत्यताम् (amitrabṛtyatām) - the state of servitude to enemies (the state of servitude to enemies, enemy-servitude)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of amitrabṛtyatā

amitrabṛtyatā - servitude to enemies

Derived from 'amitra' (enemy) and 'bṛtya' (servant), with suffix '-tā' for abstract noun.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (amitra+bṛtya+tā)

• amitra – enemy, not a friend
  noun (masculine)
  From 'a-' (negation) and 'mitra' (friend).
• bṛtya – servant, employee
  noun (masculine)
  Gerundive/Future Passive Participle
  From √bhṛ (to bear, support).
  Root: bhṛ (class 3)
• tā – suffix for abstract noun, state of being
  suffix (feminine)

Note: Object of the gerund 'prāpya'.

प्राप्य (prāpya) - having attained (the state of servitude) (having obtained, having reached, having attained)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From 'pra-√āp' (to obtain, reach).

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Indicates an action completed before the main verb 'vartayanti'.

ख्यापयन्तः (khyāpayantaḥ) - openly displaying (making known, proclaiming, displaying)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of khyāpayant

khyāpayant - making known, proclaiming, displaying

Present Active Participle (Causative)

From the causative stem of √khyā (to be known, to tell).

Root: khyā (class 2)

Note: Describes the sons ('putrāḥ'), agreeing in case and number.

अनपत्रपाः (anapatrapāḥ) - displaying their lack of shame, shameless (shameless, impudent)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of anapatrapā

anapatrapā - shameless, impudent

From 'an-' (negation) and 'apatrapā' (shame).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (an+apatrapā)

• an – not, un-
  prefix
• apatrapā – shame, embarrassment
  noun (feminine)
  From 'apa-√trap' (to be ashamed).
  Prefix: apa
  Root: trap (class 1)

Note: Describes the sons ('putrāḥ'), agreeing in case and number.