महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-290, verse-81

बुद्धिश्च परमा यत्र कापिलानां महात्मनाम् ।
इन्द्रियाण्यपि बुध्यन्ते स्वदेहं देहिनो नृप ।
कारणान्यात्मनस्तानि सूक्ष्मः पश्यति तैस्तु सः ॥८१॥

81. buddhiśca paramā yatra kāpilānāṁ mahātmanām ,
indriyāṇyapi budhyante svadehaṁ dehino nṛpa ,
kāraṇānyātmanastāni sūkṣmaḥ paśyati taistu saḥ.

81. buddhiḥ ca paramā yatra kāpilānām
mahātmanām indriyāṇi api budhyante
svadeham dehinaḥ nṛpa kāraṇāni ātmanaḥ
tāni sūkṣmaḥ paśyati taiḥ tu saḥ

81. nṛpa yatra kāpilānām mahātmanām ca
paramā buddhiḥ indriyāṇi api dehinaḥ
svadeham budhyante tāni ātmanaḥ
kāraṇāni taiḥ tu saḥ sūkṣmaḥ paśyati

81. O king, where the supreme understanding (buddhi) of the great Sāṃkhya philosophers (Kāpilas) prevails, there even the senses perceive the body of the embodied being. These senses are the instruments of the subtle self (ātman), and through them, that subtle self perceives.

Words meanings summery:

• बुद्धिः (buddhiḥ) - understanding, spiritual intelligence (intellect, understanding, reason, perception, wisdom)

• च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

• परमा (paramā) - supreme (supreme, highest, ultimate, excellent)

• यत्र (yatra) - where (where, in which place)

• कापिलानाम् (kāpilānām) - of the Sāṃkhya philosophers (followers of Kapila) (of the followers of Kapila, pertaining to Kapila)

• महात्मनाम् (mahātmanām) - of the great Sāṃkhya philosophers (of great souls, of magnanimous ones, of great sages)

• इन्द्रियाणि (indriyāṇi) - senses (organs of perception and action) (senses, sense organs (both cognitive and conative))

• अपि (api) - even (also, even, moreover)

• बुध्यन्ते (budhyante) - they perceive, apprehend (they perceive, they know, they understand)

• स्वदेहम् (svadeham) - one's own body

• देहिनः (dehinaḥ) - of the embodied being (the individual soul in a body) (of the embodied one, of the soul, of a living being)

• नृप (nṛpa) - O king (O king, ruler)

• कारणानि (kāraṇāni) - instruments (referring to the senses) (causes, instruments, reasons)

• आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - of the self (ātman) (of the self, of the soul, of oneself)

• तानि (tāni) - these (referring to `indriyāṇi`) (those (neuter plural))

• सूक्ष्मः (sūkṣmaḥ) - the subtle one (referring to the ātman) (subtle, minute, fine)

• पश्यति (paśyati) - perceives (he sees, perceives, observes)

• तैः (taiḥ) - through them (referring to the senses) (by them, with them (masculine/neuter plural instrumental))

• तु (tu) - and (connective, mild contrast or emphasis) (but, on the other hand, indeed, however)

• सः (saḥ) - that (subtle self, ātman) (he, that (masculine singular))

Words meanings and morphology

बुद्धिः (buddhiḥ) - understanding, spiritual intelligence (intellect, understanding, reason, perception, wisdom)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of buddhi

buddhi - intellect, understanding, reason, perception, wisdom

Derived from root `budh` (to awaken, to know)

Root: budh (class 1)

च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

परमा (paramā) - supreme (supreme, highest, ultimate, excellent)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of parama

parama - supreme, highest, ultimate, excellent

Superlative form of `para`

Note: Adjective for `buddhiḥ`

यत्र (yatra) - where (where, in which place)

(indeclinable)

Derived from pronominal stem `ya`

कापिलानाम् (kāpilānām) - of the Sāṃkhya philosophers (followers of Kapila) (of the followers of Kapila, pertaining to Kapila)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of kāpila

kāpila - follower of Kapila, pertaining to Kapila

Taddhita derivation from `Kapila` + `aṇ` suffix indicating 'descendant, follower of'

महात्मनाम् (mahātmanām) - of the great Sāṃkhya philosophers (of great souls, of magnanimous ones, of great sages)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of mahātman

mahātman - great-souled, magnanimous, noble, great sage

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+ātman)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• ātman – self, soul, essence, breath
  noun (masculine)
  Root: an (class 2)

Note: Adjective for `kāpilānām`

इन्द्रियाणि (indriyāṇi) - senses (organs of perception and action) (senses, sense organs (both cognitive and conative))

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of indriya

indriya - sense organ, faculty of sense, power

Derived from `Indra`, meaning 'belonging to Indra' or 'power, faculty'

Note: Subject of `budhyante`

अपि (api) - even (also, even, moreover)

(indeclinable)

बुध्यन्ते (budhyante) - they perceive, apprehend (they perceive, they know, they understand)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present (laṭ) of budh

Present Tense, Middle Voice

Root `budh` (class 1, 4, 9, 10), here likely class 4 (`budhyate`).

Root: budh (class 4)

Note: Agrees with `indriyāṇi` (neuter plural nominative, treated as a collective subject taking 3rd person plural verb)

स्वदेहम् (svadeham) - one's own body

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of svadeha

svadeha - one's own body

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sva+deha)

• sva – own, one's own, self
  pronoun
• deha – body, form, shape
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dih (class 4)

Note: Object of `budhyante`

देहिनः (dehinaḥ) - of the embodied being (the individual soul in a body) (of the embodied one, of the soul, of a living being)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of dehin

dehin - embodied, having a body, soul, living being

Derived from `deha` (body) + `in` (possessive suffix)

Note: Qualifies `svadeham` (the body *of* the embodied one).

नृप (nṛpa) - O king (O king, ruler)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of nṛpa

nṛpa - king, ruler

`nṛ` (man) + `pa` (protector) - one who protects men.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nṛ+pa)

• nṛ – man, person
  noun (masculine)
• pa – protector, preserver, drinking
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'pā' (to protect)
  Root: pā (class 2)

Note: Addressing the king.

कारणानि (kāraṇāni) - instruments (referring to the senses) (causes, instruments, reasons)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of kāraṇa

kāraṇa - cause, reason, instrument, motive

From root `kṛ` (to do, to make) + `ana` suffix

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Predicate nominative for `tāni` (implied 'are').

आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - of the self (ātman) (of the self, of the soul, of oneself)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, essence, breath

Root: an (class 2)

Note: Qualifies `kāraṇāni` (instruments *of* the self).

तानि (tāni) - these (referring to `indriyāṇi`) (those (neuter plural))

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Demonstrative pronoun

Note: Subject of implied 'are'.

सूक्ष्मः (sūkṣmaḥ) - the subtle one (referring to the ātman) (subtle, minute, fine)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sūkṣma

sūkṣma - subtle, minute, fine, delicate

From root `suc` (to be pure)

Root: sūc

Note: Describes `saḥ` (the subtle self).

पश्यति (paśyati) - perceives (he sees, perceives, observes)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of dṛś

Present Tense, Active Voice

From root `dṛś`, which takes a special stem `paśya` in the present tense.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Verb for `saḥ sūkṣmaḥ`.

तैः (taiḥ) - through them (referring to the senses) (by them, with them (masculine/neuter plural instrumental))

(pronoun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Demonstrative pronoun

Note: Means 'by means of them'.

तु (tu) - and (connective, mild contrast or emphasis) (but, on the other hand, indeed, however)

(indeclinable)

सः (saḥ) - that (subtle self, ātman) (he, that (masculine singular))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, it

Demonstrative pronoun

Note: Subject of `paśyati`.