महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-290, verse-53

भीष्म उवाच ।
पञ्च दोषान्प्रभो देहे प्रवदन्ति मनीषिणः ।
मार्गज्ञाः कापिलाः सांख्याः शृणु तानरिसूदन ॥५३॥

53. bhīṣma uvāca ,
pañca doṣānprabho dehe pravadanti manīṣiṇaḥ ,
mārgajñāḥ kāpilāḥ sāṁkhyāḥ śṛṇu tānarisūdana.

53. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca pañca doṣān prabho dehe pravadanti
manīṣiṇaḥ mārgajñāḥ kāpilāḥ sāṅkhyāḥ śṛṇu tān arisūdana

53. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca prabho arisūdana mārgajñāḥ kāpilāḥ
sāṅkhyāḥ manīṣiṇaḥ dehe pañca doṣān pravadanti tān śṛṇu

53. Bhishma said: "O Lord (Yudhishthira), the wise ones, the knowers of the path, the followers of Kapila, and the adherents of Sāṅkhya philosophy, declare that there are five faults in the body. O destroyer of enemies, listen to them."

Words meanings summery:

• भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhishma

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• पञ्च (pañca) - five

• दोषान् (doṣān) - faults, defects, vices

• प्रभो (prabho) - O Lord, O master

• देहे (dehe) - in the body

• प्रवदन्ति (pravadanti) - they declare, they state, they speak forth

• मनीषिणः (manīṣiṇaḥ) - the wise ones, the thoughtful

• मार्गज्ञाः (mārgajñāḥ) - knowers of the path

• कापिलाः (kāpilāḥ) - followers of Kapila, belonging to the Kapila school

• साङ्ख्याः (sāṅkhyāḥ) - adherents of Sāṅkhya philosophy

• शृणु (śṛṇu) - listen! hear!

• तान् (tān) - those

• अरिसूदन (arisūdana) - Addressed to King Yudhishthira. (O destroyer of enemies)

Words meanings and morphology

भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhishma

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhishma (name of a Kuru warrior, son of Shantanu and Ganga)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect 3rd singular active

Root: vac (class 2)

पञ्च (pañca) - five

(numeral)

दोषान् (doṣān) - faults, defects, vices

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of doṣa

doṣa - fault, defect, vice, sin

प्रभो (prabho) - O Lord, O master

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of prabhu

prabhu - lord, master, king, ruler

Prefix: pra

Root: bhū (class 1)

देहे (dehe) - in the body

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of deha

deha - body, corporeal frame

प्रवदन्ति (pravadanti) - they declare, they state, they speak forth

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of pravad

Present 3rd plural active

Prefix: pra

Root: vad (class 1)

मनीषिणः (manīṣiṇaḥ) - the wise ones, the thoughtful

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of manīṣin

manīṣin - wise, thoughtful, intelligent, a sage

मार्गज्ञाः (mārgajñāḥ) - knowers of the path

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of mārgajña

mārgajña - knower of the way, skilled in methods

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (mārga+jña)

• mārga – path, way, road, method
  noun (masculine)
• jña – knowing, knower, acquainted with
  adjective
  Derivative from root jñā
  Root: jñā (class 9)

कापिलाः (kāpilāḥ) - followers of Kapila, belonging to the Kapila school

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kāpila

kāpila - relating to Kapila, follower of Kapila (referring to the Sāṅkhya founder)

Note: Used as a noun here, referring to the adherents of the Kapila school of thought.

साङ्ख्याः (sāṅkhyāḥ) - adherents of Sāṅkhya philosophy

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sāṅkhya

sāṅkhya - relating to calculation or enumeration; pertaining to Sāṅkhya philosophy, a follower of Sāṅkhya

Note: Used as a noun here, referring to the adherents of the Sāṅkhya school of philosophy.

शृणु (śṛṇu) - listen! hear!

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of śru

Imperative 2nd singular active

Root: śru (class 5)

तान् (tān) - those

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

अरिसूदन (arisūdana) - Addressed to King Yudhishthira. (O destroyer of enemies)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of arisūdana

arisūdana - destroyer of enemies

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ari+sūdana)

• ari – enemy, foe
  noun (masculine)
• sūdana – destroying, crushing; a destroyer
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root 'sūd' (to destroy)
  Root: sūd (class 10)