महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-290, verse-40

बहुमानमलब्धेषु लब्धे मध्यस्थतां पुनः ।
विषयाणां च दौरात्म्यं विज्ञाय नृपते पुनः ॥४०॥

40. bahumānamalabdheṣu labdhe madhyasthatāṁ punaḥ ,
viṣayāṇāṁ ca daurātmyaṁ vijñāya nṛpate punaḥ.

40. bahumānam alabdheṣu labdhe madhyasthatāṃ punaḥ
viṣayāṇām ca daurātmyaṃ vijñāya nṛpate punaḥ

40. nṛpate alabdheṣu bahumānam labdhe punaḥ
madhyasthatāṃ ca viṣayāṇām daurātmyaṃ vijñāya punaḥ

40. O king, understanding the high regard (bahumāna) for things not yet obtained, and conversely, indifference towards those that are obtained; and furthermore, having discerned the corrupting nature of sense objects (viṣaya)...

Words meanings summery:

• बहुमानम् (bahumānam) - high esteem, great respect, much regard

• अलब्धेषु (alabdheṣu) - towards things not yet obtained (among/towards things not obtained, in what is unacquired)

• लब्धे (labdhe) - towards those that are obtained (in what is obtained, concerning what is acquired)

• मध्यस्थतां (madhyasthatāṁ) - impartiality, neutrality, indifference

• पुनः (punaḥ) - conversely, on the other hand (again, moreover, on the other hand, but)

• विषयाणाम् (viṣayāṇām) - of sense objects (viṣaya) (of sense objects, of worldly objects, of subjects)

• च (ca) - furthermore, and (and, also)

• दौरात्म्यं (daurātmyaṁ) - corrupting nature (evil nature, wickedness, depravity, badness)

• विज्ञाय (vijñāya) - having known, having understood, having discerned

• नृपते (nṛpate) - O king

• पुनः (punaḥ) - moreover, further (again, moreover, also)

Words meanings and morphology

बहुमानम् (bahumānam) - high esteem, great respect, much regard

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bahumāna

bahumāna - great esteem, much respect, high regard, excessive value

Compound of bahu (much) and māna (esteem, respect).

Compound type : Karmadhāraya (bahu+māna)

• bahu – much, many, abundant
  adjective
• māna – pride, self-respect, honor, esteem, measure, thought
  noun (masculine)
  From root man (to think) + ghañ.
  Root: man (class 4)

Note: Object of implied understanding.

अलब्धेषु (alabdheṣu) - towards things not yet obtained (among/towards things not obtained, in what is unacquired)

(participle)

Locative, neuter, plural of alabdha

alabdha - not obtained, not acquired, not received

Past Passive Participle

Nañ-tatpuruṣa compound: a (not) + labdha (obtained). Labdha from root labh (to obtain) + kta.

Compound type : Nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+labdha)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative particle.
• labdha – obtained, acquired, received, gained
  participle (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root labh (to obtain) + kta.
  Root: labh (class 1)

Note: Denotes the object of 'bahumāna'.

लब्धे (labdhe) - towards those that are obtained (in what is obtained, concerning what is acquired)

(participle)

Locative, neuter, singular of labdha

labdha - obtained, acquired, received, gained

Past Passive Participle

From root labh (to obtain) + kta.

Root: labh (class 1)

Note: Indicates the circumstance for 'madhyasthatāṃ'.

मध्यस्थतां (madhyasthatāṁ) - impartiality, neutrality, indifference

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of madhyasthatā

madhyasthatā - impartiality, neutrality, indifference, mediation

From madhyastha (impartial) + tā (abstract noun suffix).

Note: Object of implied understanding.

पुनः (punaḥ) - conversely, on the other hand (again, moreover, on the other hand, but)

(indeclinable)

Note: Indicates a contrasting idea to the previous one.

विषयाणाम् (viṣayāṇām) - of sense objects (viṣaya) (of sense objects, of worldly objects, of subjects)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of viṣaya

viṣaya - object of sense, subject, topic, sphere, range, dominion, worldly affairs (viṣaya)

From vi-si (to bind) + ac.

Prefix: vi

Root: si (class 5)

Note: Specifies whose evil nature.

च (ca) - furthermore, and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects this part of the understanding.

दौरात्म्यं (daurātmyaṁ) - corrupting nature (evil nature, wickedness, depravity, badness)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of daurātmya

daurātmya - wickedness, depravity, evil nature, badness, malignity

From durātman (evil-minded) + ṣyañ.

Note: Object of vijñāya.

विज्ञाय (vijñāya) - having known, having understood, having discerned

(indeclinable)

Absolutive / Gerund

Prefix vi + jñā (root)

Prefix: vi

Root: jñā (class 9)

नृपते (nṛpate) - O king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of nṛpati

nṛpati - king, ruler, lord of men

Compound of nṛ (man) and pati (lord).

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (nṛ+pati)

• nṛ – man, human being
  noun (masculine)
• pati – lord, master, husband, protector
  noun (masculine)
  Root: pā (class 2)

Note: Direct address to the king.

पुनः (punaḥ) - moreover, further (again, moreover, also)

(indeclinable)