महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-290, verse-49

वर्णानां च क्षयं दृष्ट्वा क्षयान्तं च पुनः पुनः ।
जरामृत्युं तथा जन्म दृष्ट्वा दुःखानि चैव ह ॥४९॥

49. varṇānāṁ ca kṣayaṁ dṛṣṭvā kṣayāntaṁ ca punaḥ punaḥ ,
jarāmṛtyuṁ tathā janma dṛṣṭvā duḥkhāni caiva ha.

49. varṇānām ca kṣayam dṛṣṭvā kṣayāntam ca punaḥ punaḥ
jarāmṛtyum tathā janma dṛṣṭvā duḥkhāni ca eva ha

49. varṇānām ca kṣayam kṣayāntam ca punaḥ punaḥ dṛṣṭvā
tathā janma jarāmṛtyum ca duḥkhāni eva ha dṛṣṭvā

49. Having repeatedly observed the decay of various elements and their ultimate destruction, and having similarly seen birth, old age, death, and all miseries...

Words meanings summery:

• वर्णानाम् (varṇānām) - of the various elements or constituents (of the body/existence) (of the colors, of the social classes, of the constituents/qualities)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• क्षयम् (kṣayam) - decay, destruction (decay, destruction, loss)

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having observed (having seen, having perceived)

• क्षयान्तम् (kṣayāntam) - their ultimate end in destruction (ending in decay, perishable, impermanent)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again (again, repeatedly)

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again (again, repeatedly)

• जरामृत्युम् (jarāmṛtyum) - old age and death

• तथा (tathā) - similarly, also (thus, so, similarly)

• जन्म (janma) - birth (birth, origin, existence)

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having observed (having seen, having perceived)

• दुःखानि (duḥkhāni) - all miseries (sufferings, miseries, pains)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• एव (eva) - indeed (indeed, only, just)

• ह (ha) - (emphasizing the preceding list of sufferings) (an emphatic particle)

Words meanings and morphology

वर्णानाम् (varṇānām) - of the various elements or constituents (of the body/existence) (of the colors, of the social classes, of the constituents/qualities)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of varṇa

varṇa - color, outer appearance, social class, letter, quality, constituent

from root vṛ (to cover, to choose)

Root: vṛ (class 5)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

क्षयम् (kṣayam) - decay, destruction (decay, destruction, loss)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kṣaya

kṣaya - decay, destruction, loss, waste

from root kṣi (to destroy)

Root: kṣi (class 1)

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having observed (having seen, having perceived)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive/Gerund

from root dṛś (to see)

Root: dṛś (class 1)

क्षयान्तम् (kṣayāntam) - their ultimate end in destruction (ending in decay, perishable, impermanent)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kṣayānta

kṣayānta - ending in decay, perishable

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kṣaya+anta)

• kṣaya – decay, destruction
  noun (masculine)
  Root: kṣi (class 1)
• anta – end, limit
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with kṣayam

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

पुनः (punaḥ) - again (again, repeatedly)

(indeclinable)

पुनः (punaḥ) - again (again, repeatedly)

(indeclinable)

जरामृत्युम् (jarāmṛtyum) - old age and death

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of jarāmṛtyu

jarāmṛtyu - old age and death

Compound type : dvandva (jarā+mṛtyu)

• jarā – old age, decrepitude
  noun (feminine)
  Root: jṛ (class 1)
• mṛtyu – death
  noun (masculine)
  Root: mṛ (class 6)

Note: Refers to the pair old age and death.

तथा (tathā) - similarly, also (thus, so, similarly)

(indeclinable)

जन्म (janma) - birth (birth, origin, existence)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of janman

janman - birth, origin, existence, life

from root jan (to be born)

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Accusative singular of neuter noun janman.

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having observed (having seen, having perceived)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive/Gerund

from root dṛś (to see)

Root: dṛś (class 1)

दुःखानि (duḥkhāni) - all miseries (sufferings, miseries, pains)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of duḥkha

duḥkha - suffering, pain, sorrow, misery

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed (indeed, only, just)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

ह (ha) - (emphasizing the preceding list of sufferings) (an emphatic particle)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle, often used to indicate something well-known.