महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-290, verse-14

सत्त्वं दशगुणं ज्ञात्वा रजो नवगुणं तथा ।
तमश्चाष्टगुणं ज्ञात्वा बुद्धिं सप्तगुणां तथा ॥१४॥

14. sattvaṁ daśaguṇaṁ jñātvā rajo navaguṇaṁ tathā ,
tamaścāṣṭaguṇaṁ jñātvā buddhiṁ saptaguṇāṁ tathā.

14. sattvam daśaguṇam jñātvā rajaḥ navaguṇam tathā |
tamaḥ ca aṣṭaguṇam jñātvā buddhim saptaguṇām tathā

14. sattvam daśaguṇam jñātvā,
tathā rajaḥ navaguṇam (jñātvā),
tamaḥ ca aṣṭaguṇam jñātvā,
tathā buddhim saptaguṇām (jñātvā)

14. Having understood that sattva is tenfold, and rajas is likewise ninefold; having understood that tamas is eightfold, and the intellect (buddhi) is similarly sevenfold.

Words meanings summery:

• सत्त्वम् (sattvam) - goodness, purity, reality, existence

• दशगुणम् (daśaguṇam) - tenfold, ten times more

• ज्ञात्वा (jñātvā) - having known, knowing, realizing

• रजः (rajaḥ) - passion, activity, dust

• नवगुणम् (navaguṇam) - ninefold

• तथा (tathā) - similarly, thus, so

• तमः (tamaḥ) - darkness, inertia, ignorance

• च (ca) - and, also, moreover

• अष्टगुणम् (aṣṭaguṇam) - eightfold

• ज्ञात्वा (jñātvā) - having known, knowing, realizing

• बुद्धिम् (buddhim) - intellect, understanding, discernment

• सप्तगुणाम् (saptaguṇām) - sevenfold

• तथा (tathā) - similarly, thus, so

Words meanings and morphology

सत्त्वम् (sattvam) - goodness, purity, reality, existence

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sattva

sattva - goodness, purity, essence, reality, existence, a sentient being, one of the three guṇas

From sat (being) + tva (abstract suffix)

Root: as (class 2)

दशगुणम् (daśaguṇam) - tenfold, ten times more

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of daśaguṇa

daśaguṇa - tenfold, having ten qualities, multiplied by ten

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (daśa+guṇa)

• daśa – ten
  numeral
• guṇa – quality, attribute, factor, multiplier
  noun (masculine)

ज्ञात्वा (jñātvā) - having known, knowing, realizing

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

From root jñā- 'to know', with suffix -tvā

Root: jñā (class 9)

रजः (rajaḥ) - passion, activity, dust

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of rajas

rajas - passion, activity, dust, impurity, one of the three guṇas

From root rañj- 'to be colored, to be excited'

Root: rañj (class 1)

नवगुणम् (navaguṇam) - ninefold

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of navaguṇa

navaguṇa - ninefold, having nine qualities, multiplied by nine

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (nava+guṇa)

• nava – nine
  numeral
• guṇa – quality, attribute, factor, multiplier
  noun (masculine)

तथा (tathā) - similarly, thus, so

(indeclinable)

तमः (tamaḥ) - darkness, inertia, ignorance

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tamas

tamas - darkness, ignorance, inertia, one of the three guṇas

From root tam- 'to be bewildered, to be confused'

Root: tam (class 4)

च (ca) - and, also, moreover

(indeclinable)

अष्टगुणम् (aṣṭaguṇam) - eightfold

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of aṣṭaguṇa

aṣṭaguṇa - eightfold, having eight qualities, multiplied by eight

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (aṣṭa+guṇa)

• aṣṭa – eight
  numeral
• guṇa – quality, attribute, factor, multiplier
  noun (masculine)

ज्ञात्वा (jñātvā) - having known, knowing, realizing

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

From root jñā- 'to know', with suffix -tvā

Root: jñā (class 9)

बुद्धिम् (buddhim) - intellect, understanding, discernment

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of buddhi

buddhi - intellect, understanding, discernment, perception, reason, awakening

From root budh- 'to awaken, perceive, understand'

Root: budh (class 1)

सप्तगुणाम् (saptaguṇām) - sevenfold

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of saptaguṇa

saptaguṇa - sevenfold, having seven qualities, multiplied by seven

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sapta+guṇa)

• sapta – seven
  numeral
• guṇa – quality, attribute, factor, multiplier
  noun (masculine)

तथा (tathā) - similarly, thus, so

(indeclinable)