महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-290, verse-15

षड्गुणं च नभो ज्ञात्वा मनः पञ्चगुणं तथा ।
बुद्धिं चतुर्गुणां ज्ञात्वा तमश्च त्रिगुणं महत् ॥१५॥

15. ṣaḍguṇaṁ ca nabho jñātvā manaḥ pañcaguṇaṁ tathā ,
buddhiṁ caturguṇāṁ jñātvā tamaśca triguṇaṁ mahat.

15. ṣaṭguṇam ca nabhaḥ jñātvā manaḥ pañcaguṇam tathā |
buddhim caturguṇām jñātvā tamaḥ ca triguṇam mahat

15. nabhaḥ ca ṣaṭguṇam jñātvā,
tathā manaḥ pañcaguṇam (jñātvā),
buddhim caturguṇām jñātvā,
ca mahat tamaḥ triguṇam (jñātvā)

15. And knowing space (nabhas) to be sixfold, and the mind (manas) similarly fivefold; knowing the intellect (buddhi) to be fourfold, and the great tamas to be threefold.

Words meanings summery:

• षट्गुणम् (ṣaṭguṇam) - sixfold

• च (ca) - and, also, moreover

• नभः (nabhaḥ) - sky, atmosphere, space

• ज्ञात्वा (jñātvā) - having known, knowing, realizing

• मनः (manaḥ) - mind, intellect, heart

• पञ्चगुणम् (pañcaguṇam) - fivefold

• तथा (tathā) - similarly, thus, so

• बुद्धिम् (buddhim) - intellect, understanding, discernment

• चतुर्गुणाम् (caturguṇām) - fourfold

• ज्ञात्वा (jñātvā) - having known, knowing, realizing

• तमः (tamaḥ) - darkness, inertia, ignorance

• च (ca) - and, also, moreover

• त्रिगुणम् (triguṇam) - threefold

• महत् (mahat) - great, large, important

Words meanings and morphology

षट्गुणम् (ṣaṭguṇam) - sixfold

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of ṣaṭguṇa

ṣaṭguṇa - sixfold, having six qualities, multiplied by six

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (ṣaṭ+guṇa)

• ṣaṭ – six
  numeral
• guṇa – quality, attribute, factor, multiplier
  noun (masculine)

च (ca) - and, also, moreover

(indeclinable)

नभः (nabhaḥ) - sky, atmosphere, space

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of nabhas

nabhas - sky, atmosphere, space, cloud

Root: nabh (class 1)

ज्ञात्वा (jñātvā) - having known, knowing, realizing

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

From root jñā- 'to know', with suffix -tvā

Root: jñā (class 9)

मनः (manaḥ) - mind, intellect, heart

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of manas

manas - mind, intellect, heart, thought, intention

From root man- 'to think'

Root: man (class 4)

पञ्चगुणम् (pañcaguṇam) - fivefold

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of pañcaguṇa

pañcaguṇa - fivefold, having five qualities, multiplied by five

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (pañca+guṇa)

• pañca – five
  numeral
• guṇa – quality, attribute, factor, multiplier
  noun (masculine)

तथा (tathā) - similarly, thus, so

(indeclinable)

बुद्धिम् (buddhim) - intellect, understanding, discernment

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of buddhi

buddhi - intellect, understanding, discernment, perception, reason, awakening

From root budh- 'to awaken, perceive, understand'

Root: budh (class 1)

चतुर्गुणाम् (caturguṇām) - fourfold

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of caturguṇa

caturguṇa - fourfold, having four qualities, multiplied by four

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (catur+guṇa)

• catur – four
  numeral
• guṇa – quality, attribute, factor, multiplier
  noun (masculine)

ज्ञात्वा (jñātvā) - having known, knowing, realizing

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

From root jñā- 'to know', with suffix -tvā

Root: jñā (class 9)

तमः (tamaḥ) - darkness, inertia, ignorance

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tamas

tamas - darkness, ignorance, inertia, one of the three guṇas

From root tam- 'to be bewildered, to be confused'

Root: tam (class 4)

च (ca) - and, also, moreover

(indeclinable)

त्रिगुणम् (triguṇam) - threefold

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of triguṇa

triguṇa - threefold, having three qualities, multiplied by three

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (tri+guṇa)

• tri – three
  numeral
• guṇa – quality, attribute, factor, multiplier
  noun (masculine)

महत् (mahat) - great, large, important

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, important, significant, the great principle (Mahat-tattva or buddhi in Sāṃkhya)

Present active participle of root mah- 'to be great'

Root: mah (class 1)