महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-290, verse-47

वृद्धिं दृष्ट्वा समुद्राणां क्षयं तेषां तथा पुनः ।
क्षयं धनानां च तथा पुनर्वृद्धिं तथैव च ॥४७॥

47. vṛddhiṁ dṛṣṭvā samudrāṇāṁ kṣayaṁ teṣāṁ tathā punaḥ ,
kṣayaṁ dhanānāṁ ca tathā punarvṛddhiṁ tathaiva ca.

47. vṛddhim dṛṣṭvā samudrāṇām kṣayam teṣām tathā punaḥ
kṣayam dhanānām ca tathā punarvṛddhim tathā eva ca

47. samudrāṇām vṛddhim dṛṣṭvā tathā teṣām punaḥ kṣayam
ca dhanānām kṣayam tathā ca tathaiva punarvṛddhim

47. Having observed the growth of oceans and then their subsequent decline, and likewise, the decline of riches and then their renewed growth.

Words meanings summery:

• वृद्धिम् (vṛddhim) - growth (growth, increase, prosperity, waxing)

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - Having observed (having seen, having perceived)

• समुद्राणाम् (samudrāṇām) - of oceans, of seas

• क्षयम् (kṣayam) - decline (decay, decline, destruction, loss)

• तेषाम् (teṣām) - of the oceans (of them)

• तथा (tathā) - and, similarly (thus, so, in the same way, and)

• पुनः (punaḥ) - then, again (again, anew, further, but, moreover)

• क्षयम् (kṣayam) - decline (decay, decline, destruction, loss)

• धनानाम् (dhanānām) - of wealth, of riches

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• तथा (tathā) - similarly (thus, so, in the same way, and)

• पुनर्वृद्धिम् (punarvṛddhim) - renewed growth (renewed growth, fresh increase)

• तथा (tathā) - just so (thus, so, in the same way, and)

• एव (eva) - precisely (indeed, only, just, quite)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

Words meanings and morphology

वृद्धिम् (vṛddhim) - growth (growth, increase, prosperity, waxing)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of vṛddhi

vṛddhi - growth, increase, prosperity, success, development

from root vṛdh (to grow, increase)

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - Having observed (having seen, having perceived)

(indeclinable)

absolutive

formed from root dṛś (to see) with suffix -tvā

Root: dṛś (class 1)

समुद्राणाम् (samudrāṇām) - of oceans, of seas

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of samudra

samudra - ocean, sea, large body of water

from sam + ud + root r (to go) or dṛ (to flow), meaning 'confluence of waters'

क्षयम् (kṣayam) - decline (decay, decline, destruction, loss)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kṣaya

kṣaya - destruction, decay, loss, decline, end

from root kṣi (to destroy, decline)

Root: kṣi (class 5)

तेषाम् (teṣām) - of the oceans (of them)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

demonstrative pronoun

Note: refers to 'samudrāṇām'

तथा (tathā) - and, similarly (thus, so, in the same way, and)

(indeclinable)

पुनः (punaḥ) - then, again (again, anew, further, but, moreover)

(indeclinable)

क्षयम् (kṣayam) - decline (decay, decline, destruction, loss)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kṣaya

kṣaya - destruction, decay, loss, decline, end

from root kṣi (to destroy, decline)

Root: kṣi (class 5)

धनानाम् (dhanānām) - of wealth, of riches

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, plural of dhana

dhana - wealth, riches, property, money

from root dhā (to place, put, hold, contain) + ana

Root: dhā (class 3)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

तथा (tathā) - similarly (thus, so, in the same way, and)

(indeclinable)

पुनर्वृद्धिम् (punarvṛddhim) - renewed growth (renewed growth, fresh increase)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of punarvṛddhi

punarvṛddhi - renewed growth, fresh increase

compound of punar and vṛddhi

Compound type : avyayībhāva (punar+vṛddhi)

• punar – again, anew
  indeclinable
• vṛddhi – growth, increase, prosperity
  noun (feminine)
  from root vṛdh (to grow, increase)
  Root: vṛdh (class 1)

तथा (tathā) - just so (thus, so, in the same way, and)

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - precisely (indeed, only, just, quite)

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)