महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-290, verse-10

आयुषश्च परं कालं लोके विज्ञाय तत्त्वतः ।
सुखस्य च परं तत्त्वं विज्ञाय वदतां वर ॥१०॥

10. āyuṣaśca paraṁ kālaṁ loke vijñāya tattvataḥ ,
sukhasya ca paraṁ tattvaṁ vijñāya vadatāṁ vara.

10. āyuṣaḥ ca param kālam loke vijñāya tattvataḥ
sukhasya ca param tattvam vijñāya vadatām vara

10. vadatām vara,
loke āyuṣaḥ param kālam tattvataḥ vijñāya ca,
sukhasya param tattvam ca vijñāya

10. O best among speakers, having truly understood the ultimate duration of life in this world, and having comprehended the ultimate reality of happiness.

Words meanings summery:

• आयुषः (āyuṣaḥ) - of the duration of one's life (of life, of duration, of age)

• च (ca) - and, indicating addition (and, also)

• परम् (param) - the utmost or longest possible (supreme, ultimate, highest, greatest)

• कालम् (kālam) - the duration of existence (time, duration, season)

• लोके (loke) - in this earthly realm of existence (in the world, in the realm)

• विज्ञाय (vijñāya) - having thoroughly understood or ascertained (having known, having understood, having ascertained)

• तत्त्वतः (tattvataḥ) - in its true nature, fundamentally (in essence, truthfully, according to the truth)

• सुखस्य (sukhasya) - of happiness itself (of happiness, of pleasure, of ease)

• च (ca) - and, indicating addition (and, also)

• परम् (param) - the ultimate, essential (supreme, ultimate, highest, greatest)

• तत्त्वम् (tattvam) - the ultimate reality or principle of happiness (truth, reality, principle, essence)

• विज्ञाय (vijñāya) - having thoroughly understood or ascertained (having known, having understood, having ascertained)

• वदताम् (vadatām) - among those who speak (used to address the best among them) (among speakers, of those who speak)

• वर (vara) - O excellent one, O best (vocative) (best, excellent, superior)

Words meanings and morphology

आयुषः (āyuṣaḥ) - of the duration of one's life (of life, of duration, of age)

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of āyus

āyus - life, vitality, duration of life, age

च (ca) - and, indicating addition (and, also)

(indeclinable)

परम् (param) - the utmost or longest possible (supreme, ultimate, highest, greatest)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of para

para - supreme, ultimate, highest, greatest, other, distant

Note: Agrees with 'kālam'

कालम् (kālam) - the duration of existence (time, duration, season)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kāla

kāla - time, duration, season, period

लोके (loke) - in this earthly realm of existence (in the world, in the realm)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of loka

loka - world, realm, people, division of the universe

विज्ञाय (vijñāya) - having thoroughly understood or ascertained (having known, having understood, having ascertained)

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

Formed with prefix 'vi' and root 'jñā' with suffix -ya.

Prefix: vi

Root: jñā (class 9)

तत्त्वतः (tattvataḥ) - in its true nature, fundamentally (in essence, truthfully, according to the truth)

(indeclinable)

Formed from 'tattva' (truth, reality) with suffix -tas.

सुखस्य (sukhasya) - of happiness itself (of happiness, of pleasure, of ease)

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of sukha

sukha - happiness, pleasure, ease, comfort

च (ca) - and, indicating addition (and, also)

(indeclinable)

परम् (param) - the ultimate, essential (supreme, ultimate, highest, greatest)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of para

para - supreme, ultimate, highest, greatest, other, distant

Note: Agrees with 'tattvam'

तत्त्वम् (tattvam) - the ultimate reality or principle of happiness (truth, reality, principle, essence)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tattva

tattva - truth, reality, principle, essence, true state

विज्ञाय (vijñāya) - having thoroughly understood or ascertained (having known, having understood, having ascertained)

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

Formed with prefix 'vi' and root 'jñā' with suffix -ya.

Prefix: vi

Root: jñā (class 9)

वदताम् (vadatām) - among those who speak (used to address the best among them) (among speakers, of those who speak)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of vadat

vadat - speaking, talking (present active participle)

present active participle

From root 'vad' (to speak).

Root: vad (class 1)

वर (vara) - O excellent one, O best (vocative) (best, excellent, superior)

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of vara

vara - best, excellent, desirable, a boon