मार्कण्डेय-पुराणम्
mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇam
-
chapter-14, verse-95
नरकप्रच्युता यानि यैर्यैर्विहितपातकैः ।
प्रयान्ति योनिजातानि तन्मे निगदतः शृणु ॥९५॥
प्रयान्ति योनिजातानि तन्मे निगदतः शृणु ॥९५॥
95. narakapracyutā yāni yairyairvihitapātakaiḥ .
prayānti yonijātāni tanme nigadataḥ śṛṇu.
prayānti yonijātāni tanme nigadataḥ śṛṇu.
95.
naraka-pracyutā yāni yaiḥ yaiḥ vihita-pātakaiḥ
prayānti yoni-jātāni tat me nigadataḥ śṛṇu
prayānti yoni-jātāni tat me nigadataḥ śṛṇu
95.
Listen to me as I explain which births (yoni-jātāni) those who have fallen from hell (naraka) attain due to the various sins (pātaka) they have committed.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- नरक-प्रच्युता (naraka-pracyutā) - those fallen from hell, those released from hell
- यानि (yāni) - which, what
- यैः (yaiḥ) - by which, by whom
- यैः (yaiḥ) - by which, by whom
- विहित-पातकैः (vihita-pātakaiḥ) - by committed sins
- प्रयान्ति (prayānti) - they go, they attain, they enter
- योनि-जातानि (yoni-jātāni) - births in various species, born in various wombs
- तत् (tat) - that
- मे (me) - from me, by me, to me
- निगदतः (nigadataḥ) - speaking, explaining, narrating
- शृणु (śṛṇu) - listen, hear
Words meanings and morphology
नरक-प्रच्युता (naraka-pracyutā) - those fallen from hell, those released from hell
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, plural of naraka-pracyuta
naraka-pracyuta - one fallen from hell, released from hell
compound of 'naraka' and 'pracyuta' (Past Passive Participle of pra-cyu)
Compound type : tatpurusha (naraka+pracyuta)
- naraka – hell, infernal region
noun (masculine) - pracyuta – fallen, dropped, released
adjective (masculine)
Past Passive Participle
Derived from root 'cyu' (to move, fall) with upasarga 'pra' (forth).
Prefix: pra
Root: cyu (class 1)
Note: Refers to 'jantavaḥ' (beings) implied by the context.
यानि (yāni) - which, what
(pronoun)
Nominative, neuter, plural of yad
yad - which, what, who
Note: Refers to 'yoni-jātāni'.
यैः (yaiḥ) - by which, by whom
(pronoun)
Instrumental, masculine, plural of yad
yad - which, what, who
Note: Corresponds to 'pātakaiḥ'. Repetition 'yair-yaiḥ' implies "by which various (kinds of) sins" or "by whatever sins".
यैः (yaiḥ) - by which, by whom
(pronoun)
Instrumental, masculine, plural of yad
yad - which, what, who
Note: Repetition 'yair-yaiḥ' implies "by which various (kinds of) sins" or "by whatever sins".
विहित-पातकैः (vihita-pātakaiḥ) - by committed sins
(noun)
Instrumental, neuter, plural of vihita-pātaka
vihita-pātaka - one who has committed sin, committed sin
Compound. 'vihita' (done, committed) is PPP of vi-dhā. 'pātaka' (sin).
Compound type : tatpurusha (vihita+pātaka)
- vihita – done, performed, committed, prescribed
adjective (masculine)
Past Passive Participle
Derived from root 'dhā' (to place, do) with upasarga 'vi' (apart, thoroughly).
Prefix: vi
Root: dhā (class 3) - pātaka – sin, crime
noun (neuter)
From root 'pat' (to fall).
Root: pat (class 1)
Note: Refers to the sins that are committed.
प्रयान्ति (prayānti) - they go, they attain, they enter
(verb)
3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of pra-yā
From root 'yā' (to go) with upasarga 'pra' (forth, onward).
Prefix: pra
Root: yā (class 2)
Note: The implied subject is the beings who have fallen from hell.
योनि-जातानि (yoni-jātāni) - births in various species, born in various wombs
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, plural of yoni-jāta
yoni-jāta - born from a womb, birth in a species
Compound of 'yoni' (womb, origin, species) and 'jāta' (born, produced - PPP of jan).
Compound type : tatpurusha (yoni+jāta)
- yoni – womb, origin, source, species
noun (feminine) - jāta – born, produced, arisen
adjective (masculine)
Past Passive Participle
Derived from root 'jan' (to be born, produced).
Root: jan (class 4)
Note: Object of 'prayānti'.
तत् (tat) - that
(pronoun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of tad
tad - that, this
Note: Object of 'śṛṇu'.
मे (me) - from me, by me, to me
(pronoun)
Genitive, singular of aham
aham - I, me
Note: Here, 'from me' or 'by me' in the context of 'nigadataḥ' (speaking).
निगदतः (nigadataḥ) - speaking, explaining, narrating
(adjective)
Genitive, masculine, singular of ni-gad
ni-gad - to speak, to explain, to narrate
Present Participle
Present active participle of root 'gad' (to speak) with upasarga 'ni'.
Prefix: ni
Root: gad (class 1)
Note: Refers to the speaker ("me"). Genitive case often indicates "while doing something".
शृणु (śṛṇu) - listen, hear
(verb)
2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of śru
Root: śru (class 5)
Note: Direct command.