मार्कण्डेय-पुराणम्
mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇam
-
chapter-14, verse-49
भुङ्क्ते श्राद्धन्तु योऽन्यस्य नरोऽन्येन निमन्त्रितः ।
दैवे वाप्यथवा पित्र्ये स द्विधा कृष्यते खगैः ॥४९॥
दैवे वाप्यथवा पित्र्ये स द्विधा कृष्यते खगैः ॥४९॥
49. bhuṅkte śrāddhantu yo'nyasya naro'nyena nimantritaḥ .
daive vāpyathavā pitrye sa dvidhā kṛṣyate khagaiḥ.
daive vāpyathavā pitrye sa dvidhā kṛṣyate khagaiḥ.
49.
bhuṅkte śrāddham tu yaḥ anyasya naraḥ anyena nimantritaḥ
daive vā api athavā pitrye saḥ dvidhā kṛṣyate khagaiḥ
daive vā api athavā pitrye saḥ dvidhā kṛṣyate khagaiḥ
49.
A man who, invited by one person, consumes (bhuṅkte) the śrāddha (ancestral offering) meal intended for someone else, whether it be for the gods (daiva) or the ancestors (pitrya), is doubly tormented by birds.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- भुङ्क्ते (bhuṅkte) - he eats, enjoys, consumes
- श्राद्धम् (śrāddham) - the ritual meal of a śrāddha ceremony (funeral ceremony, ancestral offering (śrāddha), faith)
- तु (tu) - but, indeed, and, on the other hand
- यः (yaḥ) - who, which
- अन्यस्य (anyasya) - of the person for whom the śrāddha is intended (of another, of someone else)
- नरः (naraḥ) - a man, human being
- अन्येन (anyena) - by someone other than the intended inviter (by another, by someone else)
- निमन्त्रितः (nimantritaḥ) - invited
- दैवे (daive) - in the context of a rite for gods (in divine rites, pertaining to gods)
- वा (vā) - or
- अपि (api) - even, also, too
- अथवा (athavā) - or, otherwise
- पित्र्ये (pitrye) - in the context of a rite for ancestors (in ancestral rites, pertaining to ancestors)
- सः (saḥ) - he, that one
- द्विधा (dvidhā) - in two ways, doubly
- कृष्यते (kṛṣyate) - he is tormented, pulled, dragged
- खगैः (khagaiḥ) - by birds
Words meanings and morphology
भुङ्क्ते (bhuṅkte) - he eats, enjoys, consumes
(verb)
3rd person , singular, middle, present (lat) of bhuj
Present Middle
ātmanepada form.
Root: bhuj (class 7)
श्राद्धम् (śrāddham) - the ritual meal of a śrāddha ceremony (funeral ceremony, ancestral offering (śrāddha), faith)
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of śrāddha
śrāddha - funeral ceremony, offering to ancestors (śrāddha), faith, belief
From 'śrat' (faith) + 'dhā' (to place).
Root: dhā (class 3)
Note: Object of 'bhuṅkte'.
तु (tu) - but, indeed, and, on the other hand
(indeclinable)
यः (yaḥ) - who, which
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of yad
yad - which, what, who, that
Note: Relative pronoun.
अन्यस्य (anyasya) - of the person for whom the śrāddha is intended (of another, of someone else)
(pronoun)
Genitive, masculine, singular of anya
anya - other, another, different
Note: Refers to the intended recipient of the śrāddha.
नरः (naraḥ) - a man, human being
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of nara
nara - man, human being, person
Root: nṛ
अन्येन (anyena) - by someone other than the intended inviter (by another, by someone else)
(pronoun)
Instrumental, masculine, singular of anya
anya - other, another, different
Note: Agent of 'nimantritaḥ'.
निमन्त्रितः (nimantritaḥ) - invited
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of nimantrita
nimantrita - invited, summoned
Past Passive Participle
Past passive participle of root 'mantr' (to advise, consult) with prefix 'ni'.
Prefix: ni
Root: mantr (class 10)
Note: Describes 'naraḥ'.
दैवे (daive) - in the context of a rite for gods (in divine rites, pertaining to gods)
(adjective)
Locative, neuter, singular of daiva
daiva - divine, pertaining to gods, fate
Derived from 'deva' (god) with suffix 'aṇ'.
Note: Modifies an implied 'karmaṇi' (in the act/ritual).
वा (vā) - or
(indeclinable)
अपि (api) - even, also, too
(indeclinable)
अथवा (athavā) - or, otherwise
(indeclinable)
Note: Used for 'or' between 'daive' and 'pitrye'.
पित्र्ये (pitrye) - in the context of a rite for ancestors (in ancestral rites, pertaining to ancestors)
(adjective)
Locative, neuter, singular of pitrya
pitrya - ancestral, pertaining to ancestors
Derived from 'pitṛ' (father/ancestor) with suffix 'ya'.
Note: Modifies an implied 'karmaṇi' (in the act/ritual).
सः (saḥ) - he, that one
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of tad
tad - that, he, she, it
Note: Refers back to 'naraḥ' and 'yaḥ'.
द्विधा (dvidhā) - in two ways, doubly
(indeclinable)
From 'dvi' (two) + suffix 'dhā'.
Note: Modifies 'kṛṣyate'.
कृष्यते (kṛṣyate) - he is tormented, pulled, dragged
(verb)
3rd person , singular, passive, present (lat) of kṛṣ
Present Passive
Passive form of root 'kṛṣ'.
Root: kṛṣ (class 1)
खगैः (khagaiḥ) - by birds
(noun)
Instrumental, masculine, plural of khaga
khaga - bird, one who moves in the air (kha-ga)
Compound 'kha' (sky/air) + 'ga' (going).
Compound type : tatpurusha (kha+ga)
- kha – sky, air, space, ether
noun (neuter) - ga – going, moving, who goes
adjective (masculine)
Agent Noun / Agent suffix
Derived from root 'gam' (to go) with suffix 'ḍa'.
Root: gam (class 1)
Note: Agent of the passive verb 'kṛṣyate'.