मार्कण्डेय-पुराणम्
mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇam
-
chapter-14, verse-44
हरन्ति तेषां जिह्वाश्च जायमानाः पुनः पुनः ।
तावतो वत्सरानेते वज्रतुण्डाः सदारुणाः ॥४४॥
तावतो वत्सरानेते वज्रतुण्डाः सदारुणाः ॥४४॥
44. haranti teṣāṃ jihvāśca jāyamānāḥ punaḥ punaḥ .
tāvato vatsarānete vajratuṇḍāḥ sadāruṇāḥ.
tāvato vatsarānete vajratuṇḍāḥ sadāruṇāḥ.
44.
haranti teṣām jihvāḥ ca jāyamānāḥ punaḥ punaḥ
tāvataḥ vatsarān ete vajra-tuṇḍāḥ sa-dāruṇāḥ
tāvataḥ vatsarān ete vajra-tuṇḍāḥ sa-dāruṇāḥ
44.
These very cruel beings with thunderbolt-like beaks, who are themselves repeatedly reborn (saṃsāra), tear out the tongues of those (offenders) for that many years.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- हरन्ति (haranti) - they tear, they seize, they carry away
- तेषाम् (teṣām) - of the offenders mentioned in the previous verse (of them, their)
- जिह्वाः (jihvāḥ) - tongues
- च (ca) - and, also
- जायमानाः (jāyamānāḥ) - referring to the tormentors, who are themselves subject to repeated rebirth (saṃsāra) (being born, taking birth)
- पुनः (punaḥ) - again, anew, repeatedly
- पुनः (punaḥ) - again, anew, repeatedly
- तावतः (tāvataḥ) - so many, that many, of such extent
- वत्सरान् (vatsarān) - years
- एते (ete) - these
- वज्र-तुण्डाः (vajra-tuṇḍāḥ) - those with thunderbolt-like beaks
- स-दारुणाः (sa-dāruṇāḥ) - very cruel, dreadful, terrible
Words meanings and morphology
हरन्ति (haranti) - they tear, they seize, they carry away
(verb)
3rd person , plural, active, present indicative (laṭ) of hṛ
Root: hṛ (class 1)
तेषाम् (teṣām) - of the offenders mentioned in the previous verse (of them, their)
(pronoun)
Genitive, masculine, plural of tad
tad - that, he, she, it
जिह्वाः (jihvāḥ) - tongues
(noun)
Accusative, feminine, plural of jihvā
jihvā - tongue, speech
च (ca) - and, also
(indeclinable)
जायमानाः (jāyamānāḥ) - referring to the tormentors, who are themselves subject to repeated rebirth (saṃsāra) (being born, taking birth)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, plural of jāyamāna
jāyamāna - being born, becoming, originating
Present Middle Participle
Derived from root 'jan' (to be born, to produce), 4th class, with middle voice affix.
Root: jan (class 4)
Note: Agrees with 'ete vajra-tuṇḍāḥ sa-dāruṇāḥ'.
पुनः (punaḥ) - again, anew, repeatedly
(indeclinable)
पुनः (punaḥ) - again, anew, repeatedly
(indeclinable)
Note: Repetition emphasizes 'repeatedly'.
तावतः (tāvataḥ) - so many, that many, of such extent
(adjective)
Accusative, masculine, plural of tāvat
tāvat - so much, so many, so long
Note: Agrees with 'vatsarān', indicating duration.
वत्सरान् (vatsarān) - years
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, plural of vatsara
vatsara - year, a particular year of a cycle
Note: Accusative of duration.
एते (ete) - these
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of etad
etad - this, these
वज्र-तुण्डाः (vajra-tuṇḍāḥ) - those with thunderbolt-like beaks
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of vajra-tuṇḍa
vajra-tuṇḍa - having a beak or mouth like a thunderbolt
Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vajra+tuṇḍa)
- vajra – thunderbolt, diamond, weapon of Indra
noun (neuter) - tuṇḍa – beak, snout, mouth, proboscis
noun (neuter)
स-दारुणाः (sa-dāruṇāḥ) - very cruel, dreadful, terrible
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, plural of sa-dāruṇa
sa-dāruṇa - very cruel, terrible, fierce, dreadful
Compound type : karmadhāraya (sa+dāruṇa)
- sa – with, together, endowed with, very
indeclinable - dāruṇa – harsh, cruel, severe, dreadful
adjective
Note: Agrees with 'ete vajra-tuṇḍāḥ'.