मार्कण्डेय-पुराणम्
mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇam
-
chapter-14, verse-21
व्यालकुञ्जरदुर्गाणि सर्पचौरभयानि तु ।
हताः पापेन गच्छन्ति पापिनः किमतः परम् ॥२१॥
हताः पापेन गच्छन्ति पापिनः किमतः परम् ॥२१॥
21. vyālakuñjaradurgāṇi sarpacaurabhayāni tu .
hatāḥ pāpena gacchanti pāpinaḥ kimataḥ param.
hatāḥ pāpena gacchanti pāpinaḥ kimataḥ param.
21.
vyālakuñjaradurgāṇi sarpacaurabhayāni tu |
hatāḥ pāpena gacchanti pāpinaḥ kim ataḥ param
hatāḥ pāpena gacchanti pāpinaḥ kim ataḥ param
21.
The sinful, afflicted by their misdeeds, encounter dangers from wild beasts and elephants, as well as fears from snakes and thieves. What more (suffering) could there be beyond this?
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- व्यालकुञ्जरदुर्गाणि (vyālakuñjaradurgāṇi) - difficulties from wild beasts and elephants
- सर्पचौरभयानि (sarpacaurabhayāni) - fears from snakes and thieves
- तु (tu) - but, indeed, and, on the other hand
- हताः (hatāḥ) - struck, afflicted, killed, ruined
- पापेन (pāpena) - by sin, by evil, by transgression
- गच्छन्ति (gacchanti) - they go, they attain, they proceed
- पापिनः (pāpinaḥ) - sinners, evil-doers
- किम् (kim) - What more (suffering)? (what?, why?, whether)
- अतः (ataḥ) - from this (state of suffering) (from this, hence, therefore)
- परम् (param) - beyond this (misery) (beyond, further, more, supreme)
Words meanings and morphology
व्यालकुञ्जरदुर्गाणि (vyālakuñjaradurgāṇi) - difficulties from wild beasts and elephants
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, plural of vyālakuñjaradurga
vyālakuñjaradurga - dangers from wild beasts and elephants
Tatpuruṣa compound: vyāla (wild animal) and kuñjara (elephant) as a dvandva, then compounded with durga (difficulty, danger)
Compound type : dvandva-tatpuruṣa (vyāla+kuñjara+durga)
- vyāla – wild animal, fierce animal
noun (masculine) - kuñjara – elephant
noun (masculine) - durga – difficulty, danger, obstacle
noun (neuter)
derived from dur-gam
Prefix: dur
Root: gam (class 1)
Note: Used here in the sense of 'dangers'.
सर्पचौरभयानि (sarpacaurabhayāni) - fears from snakes and thieves
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, plural of sarpacaurabhaya
sarpacaurabhaya - fears from snakes and thieves
Tatpuruṣa compound: sarpa (snake) and caura (thief) as a dvandva, then compounded with bhaya (fear)
Compound type : dvandva-tatpuruṣa (sarpa+caura+bhaya)
- sarpa – snake, serpent
noun (masculine)
Root: sṛp - caura – thief, robber
noun (masculine)
Root: cur - bhaya – fear, dread, terror
noun (neuter)
derived from root bhī
Root: bhī (class 3)
Note: Used here in the sense of 'fears'.
तु (tu) - but, indeed, and, on the other hand
(indeclinable)
particle
हताः (hatāḥ) - struck, afflicted, killed, ruined
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, plural of hata
hata - struck, killed, destroyed, afflicted, deprived of
Past Passive Participle
from root han
Root: han (class 2)
Note: Agrees with pāpinaḥ.
पापेन (pāpena) - by sin, by evil, by transgression
(noun)
Instrumental, neuter, singular of pāpa
pāpa - sin, evil, vice, bad deed
Note: Indicates the means or cause of affliction.
गच्छन्ति (gacchanti) - they go, they attain, they proceed
(verb)
3rd person , plural, active, present indicative (Laṭ) of gam
present tense, active voice
root verb
Root: gam (class 1)
पापिनः (pāpinaḥ) - sinners, evil-doers
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of pāpin
pāpin - sinner, evil-doer, wicked person
derived from pāpa with suffix -in (possessor of pāpa)
किम् (kim) - What more (suffering)? (what?, why?, whether)
(indeclinable)
interrogative particle/pronoun
अतः (ataḥ) - from this (state of suffering) (from this, hence, therefore)
(indeclinable)
adverb derived from idam (this)
परम् (param) - beyond this (misery) (beyond, further, more, supreme)
(adjective)
Accusative, neuter, singular of para
para - other, beyond, supreme, highest, further
Note: Used adverbially to mean 'beyond' or 'further'.