मार्कण्डेय-पुराणम्
mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇam
-
chapter-14, verse-59
गावोऽग्निर्जननी विप्रोज्येष्ठभ्राता पिता स्वसा ।
जामयो गुरवो वृद्धा यैः स्पृष्टास्तु पदा नृभिः ॥५९॥
जामयो गुरवो वृद्धा यैः स्पृष्टास्तु पदा नृभिः ॥५९॥
59. gāvo'gnirjananī viprojyeṣṭhabhrātā pitā svasā .
jāmayo guravo vṛddhā yaiḥ spṛṣṭāstu padā nṛbhiḥ.
jāmayo guravo vṛddhā yaiḥ spṛṣṭāstu padā nṛbhiḥ.
59.
gāvaḥ agniḥ jananī vipraḥ jyeṣṭhabhrātā pitā svasā |
jāmayaḥ guravaḥ vṛddhāḥ yaiḥ spṛṣṭāḥ tu padā nṛbhiḥ
jāmayaḥ guravaḥ vṛddhāḥ yaiḥ spṛṣṭāḥ tu padā nṛbhiḥ
59.
Cows, fire, mother, a Brahmin, an elder brother, father, sister, women (such as daughters-in-law or other female relatives), spiritual teachers (guru), and the elderly – those by whom these are touched by men with the foot...
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- गावः (gāvaḥ) - cows, cattle
- अग्निः (agniḥ) - fire
- जननी (jananī) - mother
- विप्रः (vipraḥ) - a member of the priestly class (Brahmin, a sage, inspired one)
- ज्येष्ठभ्राता (jyeṣṭhabhrātā) - elder brother
- पिता (pitā) - father
- स्वसा (svasā) - sister
- जामयः (jāmayaḥ) - women, such as daughters-in-law or other female relatives (sisters, women, daughters-in-law)
- गुरवः (guravaḥ) - spiritual teachers (guru) (teachers, elders, heavy ones)
- वृद्धाः (vṛddhāḥ) - the elderly (old, elderly people)
- यैः (yaiḥ) - by whom, by which
- स्पृष्टाः (spṛṣṭāḥ) - touched
- तु (tu) - indeed, emphasizing the action (but, indeed, however)
- पदा (padā) - by the foot, with the foot
- नृभिः (nṛbhiḥ) - by men, by people
Words meanings and morphology
गावः (gāvaḥ) - cows, cattle
(noun)
Nominative, feminine, plural of go
go - cow, ox, cattle, earth, ray of light
अग्निः (agniḥ) - fire
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of agni
agni - fire, god of fire, sacrificial fire
जननी (jananī) - mother
(noun)
Nominative, feminine, singular of jananī
jananī - mother
feminine form of janana (begetting), from root jan-
Root: jan (class 4)
विप्रः (vipraḥ) - a member of the priestly class (Brahmin, a sage, inspired one)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of vipra
vipra - Brahmin, priest, inspired one, sage
ज्येष्ठभ्राता (jyeṣṭhabhrātā) - elder brother
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of jyeṣṭhabhrātṛ
jyeṣṭhabhrātṛ - elder brother
Compound type : karmadhāraya (jyeṣṭha+bhrātṛ)
- jyeṣṭha – eldest, senior, best
adjective (masculine/feminine/neuter)
superlative of vṛddha/praśasya - bhrātṛ – brother
noun (masculine)
Note: Null vowel stem ending in -ṛ
पिता (pitā) - father
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of pitṛ
pitṛ - father
Note: Null vowel stem ending in -ṛ
स्वसा (svasā) - sister
(noun)
Nominative, feminine, singular of svasṛ
svasṛ - sister
Note: Null vowel stem ending in -ṛ
जामयः (jāmayaḥ) - women, such as daughters-in-law or other female relatives (sisters, women, daughters-in-law)
(noun)
Nominative, feminine, plural of jāmi
jāmi - sister, relative, kinswoman, female companion, daughter-in-law, women in general
Note: From root jan- (to be born)
गुरवः (guravaḥ) - spiritual teachers (guru) (teachers, elders, heavy ones)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of guru
guru - teacher, spiritual guide, elder, heavy, important
वृद्धाः (vṛddhāḥ) - the elderly (old, elderly people)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, plural of vṛddha
vṛddha - old, aged, grown, augmented
Past Passive Participle
From root vṛdh- (to grow)
Root: vṛdh (class 1)
यैः (yaiḥ) - by whom, by which
(pronoun)
Instrumental, masculine, plural of ya
ya - who, which, what (relative pronoun)
Note: Refers to the `nṛbhiḥ` (men) who perform the action.
स्पृष्टाः (spṛṣṭāḥ) - touched
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, plural of spṛṣṭa
spṛṣṭa - touched, encountered
Past Passive Participle
From root spṛś- (to touch)
Root: spṛś (class 6)
तु (tu) - indeed, emphasizing the action (but, indeed, however)
(indeclinable)
पदा (padā) - by the foot, with the foot
(noun)
Instrumental, neuter, singular of pad
pad - foot, step, word, quarter (of a verse)
Note: Sometimes considered masculine, but instrumental singular `padā` is common.
नृभिः (nṛbhiḥ) - by men, by people
(noun)
Instrumental, masculine, plural of nṛ
nṛ - man, person, hero