मार्कण्डेय-पुराणम्
mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇam
-
chapter-14, verse-43
यैः शास्त्रमन्यथा प्रोक्तं यैरसद्वागुदाहृता ।
वेददेवद्विजातीनां गुरोर्निन्दा च यैः कृता ॥४३॥
वेददेवद्विजातीनां गुरोर्निन्दा च यैः कृता ॥४३॥
43. yaiḥ śāstramanyathā proktaṃ yairasadvāgudāhṛtā .
vedadevadvijātīnāṃ gurornindā ca yaiḥ kṛtā.
vedadevadvijātīnāṃ gurornindā ca yaiḥ kṛtā.
43.
yaiḥ śāstram anyathā proktam yaiḥ asat-vāk udāhṛtā
veda-deva-dvijātīnām guroḥ nindā ca yaiḥ kṛtā
veda-deva-dvijātīnām guroḥ nindā ca yaiḥ kṛtā
43.
Those by whom scripture has been misrepresented, by whom false speech has been uttered, and by whom the Vedas, gods, the twice-born, and the spiritual teacher (guru) have been criticized.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- यैः (yaiḥ) - by whom, by those
- शास्त्रम् (śāstram) - scripture, sacred text, treatise, knowledge
- अन्यथा (anyathā) - otherwise, differently, incorrectly, falsely
- प्रोक्तम् (proktam) - spoken, declared, stated, taught
- यैः (yaiḥ) - by whom, by those
- असत्-वाक् (asat-vāk) - false speech, wicked speech, untruthful statement
- उदाहृता (udāhṛtā) - uttered, spoken, brought forth, declared
- वेद-देव-द्विजातीनाम् (veda-deva-dvijātīnām) - of the Vedas, gods, and twice-born
- गुरोः (guroḥ) - of the teacher, of the spiritual master (guru)
- निन्दा (nindā) - criticism, blame, censure, abuse
- च (ca) - and, also
- यैः (yaiḥ) - by whom, by those
- कृता (kṛtā) - done, made, performed
Words meanings and morphology
यैः (yaiḥ) - by whom, by those
(pronoun)
Instrumental, plural of yad
yad - who, which, what
Note: Declines in all genders; masculine implied by context.
शास्त्रम् (śāstram) - scripture, sacred text, treatise, knowledge
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of śāstra
śāstra - instruction, precept, rule, sacred book, scripture
Root: śās (class 2)
अन्यथा (anyathā) - otherwise, differently, incorrectly, falsely
(indeclinable)
प्रोक्तम् (proktam) - spoken, declared, stated, taught
(adjective)
Nominative, neuter, singular of prokta
prokta - said, spoken, declared
Past Passive Participle
Derived from root 'vac' (to speak) with prefix 'pra'.
Prefix: pra
Root: vac (class 2)
Note: Agrees with 'śāstram'.
यैः (yaiḥ) - by whom, by those
(pronoun)
Instrumental, plural of yad
yad - who, which, what
Note: Declines in all genders; masculine implied by context.
असत्-वाक् (asat-vāk) - false speech, wicked speech, untruthful statement
(noun)
Nominative, feminine, singular of asat-vāc
asat-vāc - false speech, evil speech, lie
Compound type : karmadhāraya (asat+vāc)
- asat – not existing, unreal, false, wicked
adjective
Present Active Participle
Present active participle of root 'as' (to be).
Root: as (class 2) - vāc – speech, word, voice
noun (feminine)
Root: vac (class 2)
Note: Used as object of 'udāhṛtā', hence nominative with Passive Participle.
उदाहृता (udāhṛtā) - uttered, spoken, brought forth, declared
(adjective)
Nominative, feminine, singular of udāhṛta
udāhṛta - uttered, spoken, quoted
Past Passive Participle
Derived from root 'hṛ' (to carry) with prefixes 'ud' and 'ā'.
Prefixes: ud+ā
Root: hṛ (class 1)
Note: Agrees with 'asat-vāk'.
वेद-देव-द्विजातीनाम् (veda-deva-dvijātīnām) - of the Vedas, gods, and twice-born
(noun)
Genitive, masculine, plural of veda-deva-dvijāti
veda-deva-dvijāti - Vedas, gods, and twice-born
Compound type : dvandva (veda+deva+dvijāti)
- veda – knowledge, sacred knowledge, (the) Veda
noun (masculine)
Root: vid (class 2) - deva – god, deity, divine being
noun (masculine) - dvijāti – twice-born, a member of the three upper varṇas (Brāhmaṇa, Kṣatriya, Vaiśya)
noun (masculine)
Root: jan (class 4)
गुरोः (guroḥ) - of the teacher, of the spiritual master (guru)
(noun)
Genitive, masculine, singular of guru
guru - teacher, spiritual preceptor, heavy, important
निन्दा (nindā) - criticism, blame, censure, abuse
(noun)
Nominative, feminine, singular of nindā
nindā - blame, reproach, censure
Root: nind (class 1)
Note: Used as object of 'kṛtā', hence nominative with Passive Participle.
च (ca) - and, also
(indeclinable)
यैः (yaiḥ) - by whom, by those
(pronoun)
Instrumental, plural of yad
yad - who, which, what
Note: Declines in all genders; masculine implied by context.
कृता (kṛtā) - done, made, performed
(adjective)
Nominative, feminine, singular of kṛta
kṛta - done, made, performed, accomplished
Past Passive Participle
Derived from root 'kṛ' (to do, to make).
Root: kṛ (class 8)
Note: Agrees with 'nindā'.