मार्कण्डेय-पुराणम्
mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇam
-
chapter-14, verse-70
दुर्भिक्षे सम्भ्रमे वापि सोऽप्येवं यमकिङ्करैः ।
उत्कृत्य दत्तानि मुखे स्वमांसान्यश्नुते क्षुधा ॥७०॥
उत्कृत्य दत्तानि मुखे स्वमांसान्यश्नुते क्षुधा ॥७०॥
70. durbhikṣe sambhrame vāpi so'pyevaṃ yamakiṅkaraiḥ .
utkṛtya dattāni mukhe svamāṃsānyaśnute kṣudhā.
utkṛtya dattāni mukhe svamāṃsānyaśnute kṣudhā.
70.
durbhikṣe sambhrame vā api saḥ api evam yama-kiṅkaraiḥ
utkṛtya dattāni mukhe sva-māṃsāni aśnute kṣudhā
utkṛtya dattāni mukhe sva-māṃsāni aśnute kṣudhā
70.
In a famine or even in times of distress, such a person (referring to the one from the previous verse) is made to eat his own flesh, which the servants of Yama cut out and put into his mouth, tormented by hunger.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- दुर्भिक्षे (durbhikṣe) - in a famine, during scarcity
- सम्भ्रमे (sambhrame) - in distress, in confusion, in panic
- वा (vā) - or
- अपि (api) - even, also
- सः (saḥ) - he, that (person)
- अपि (api) - also, even
- एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner, so
- यम-किङ्करैः (yama-kiṅkaraiḥ) - by the servants of Yama (the god of death)
- उत्कृत्य (utkṛtya) - having cut out, having torn out
- दत्तानि (dattāni) - given, placed
- मुखे (mukhe) - in the mouth
- स्व-मांसानि (sva-māṁsāni) - his own flesh/meat
- अश्नुते (aśnute) - he eats, he consumes
- क्षुधा (kṣudhā) - by hunger, due to hunger
Words meanings and morphology
दुर्भिक्षे (durbhikṣe) - in a famine, during scarcity
(noun)
Locative, neuter, singular of durbhikṣa
durbhikṣa - famine, scarcity of food
Compound of 'dur' (bad) and 'bhikṣa' (begging, food).
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dur+bhikṣa)
- dur – bad, difficult
indeclinable
Prefix indicating difficulty or badness. - bhikṣa – begging, food obtained by begging
noun (neuter)
Root: bhikṣ (class 1)
Note: Indicates time/circumstance.
सम्भ्रमे (sambhrame) - in distress, in confusion, in panic
(noun)
Locative, masculine, singular of sambhrama
sambhrama - confusion, panic, agitation, distress
From 'sam' (together/completely) + root 'bhram' (to wander/err).
Prefix: sam
Root: bhram (class 1)
Note: Indicates time/circumstance.
वा (vā) - or
(indeclinable)
अपि (api) - even, also
(indeclinable)
Note: Used as an emphatic particle.
सः (saḥ) - he, that (person)
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of tad
tad - that, he (demonstrative pronoun)
Masculine nominative singular form of 'tad'.
Note: Subject of 'aśnute'.
अपि (api) - also, even
(indeclinable)
एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner, so
(indeclinable)
Note: Refers to the manner of punishment.
यम-किङ्करैः (yama-kiṅkaraiḥ) - by the servants of Yama (the god of death)
(noun)
Instrumental, masculine, plural of yama-kiṅkara
yama-kiṅkara - servant of Yama, messenger of death
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (yama+kiṅkara)
- yama – Yama (god of death), twin
proper noun (masculine) - kiṅkara – servant, attendant, messenger
noun (masculine)
Note: Denotes the agent (by whom the action is performed) in relation to 'dattāni' and implicitly 'utkṛtya'.
उत्कृत्य (utkṛtya) - having cut out, having torn out
(indeclinable)
absolutive
Formed from prefix 'ud' (ut) and root 'kṛt' (to cut), with suffix '-ya'.
Prefix: ud
Root: kṛt (class 6)
दत्तानि (dattāni) - given, placed
(adjective)
Accusative, neuter, plural of dā
dā - to give, grant, place
Past Passive Participle
From root 'dā' with suffix '-ta'.
Root: dā (class 3)
Note: Refers to the flesh that is *given* (i.e., put) into the mouth. Agrees with 'sva-māṃsāni'.
मुखे (mukhe) - in the mouth
(noun)
Locative, neuter, singular of mukha
mukha - mouth, face, opening
Note: Indicates location.
स्व-मांसानि (sva-māṁsāni) - his own flesh/meat
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, plural of sva-māṃsa
sva-māṁsa - one's own flesh
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sva+māṃsa)
- sva – self, own
pronoun/adjective (neuter) - māṃsa – flesh, meat
noun (neuter)
Note: Object of 'aśnute'.
अश्नुते (aśnute) - he eats, he consumes
(verb)
3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of aś
Root from Dhātupāṭha, conjugated in present middle voice.
Root: aś (class 9)
क्षुधा (kṣudhā) - by hunger, due to hunger
(noun)
Instrumental, feminine, singular of kṣudh
kṣudh - hunger, appetite
Note: Indicates the cause or means.