मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-12, verse-97
चातुर्वर्ण्यं त्रयो लोकाश्चत्वारश्चाश्रमाः पृथक ।
भूतं भव्यं भविष्यं च सर्वं वेदात प्रसिध्यति ॥९७॥
भूतं भव्यं भविष्यं च सर्वं वेदात प्रसिध्यति ॥९७॥
97. cāturvarṇyaṁ trayo lokāścatvāraścāśramāḥ pṛthak ,
bhūtaṁ bhavyaṁ bhaviṣyaṁ ca sarvaṁ vedāt prasidhyati.
bhūtaṁ bhavyaṁ bhaviṣyaṁ ca sarvaṁ vedāt prasidhyati.
97.
cāturvarṇyam trayaḥ lokāḥ catvāraḥ ca āśramāḥ pṛthak
bhūtam bhavyam bhaviṣyam ca sarvam vedāt prasidhyati
bhūtam bhavyam bhaviṣyam ca sarvam vedāt prasidhyati
97.
cāturvarṇyam trayaḥ lokāḥ catvāraḥ ca āśramāḥ pṛthak
bhūtam bhavyam bhaviṣyam ca sarvam vedāt prasidhyati
bhūtam bhavyam bhaviṣyam ca sarvam vedāt prasidhyati
97.
The four social classes (cāturvarṇya), the three worlds, and the four distinct stages of life (āśramas) – as well as the past, the present, and the future – all are established through the Veda.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- चातुर्वर्ण्यम् (cāturvarṇyam) - the four social classes (cāturvarṇya) (the system of four social classes)
- त्रयः (trayaḥ) - three
- लोकाः (lokāḥ) - worlds, realms (worlds, realms, people)
- चत्वारः (catvāraḥ) - four
- च (ca) - and (and, also)
- आश्रमाः (āśramāḥ) - stages of life (āśramas) (stages of life, hermitages, religious resorts)
- पृथक् (pṛthak) - distinctly (separately, distinctly, individually)
- भूतम् (bhūtam) - the past (what has been) (past, what has been, creature, element)
- भव्यम् (bhavyam) - the present (what is) (future, what will be, ought to be, excellent)
- भविष्यम् (bhaviṣyam) - the future (what will be) (future, what will be, destined to be)
- च (ca) - and (and, also)
- सर्वम् (sarvam) - all (these things) (all, everything, whole)
- वेदात् (vedāt) - from the Veda
- प्रसिध्यति (prasidhyati) - is established (is accomplished, succeeds, is established, is proved)
Words meanings and morphology
चातुर्वर्ण्यम् (cāturvarṇyam) - the four social classes (cāturvarṇya) (the system of four social classes)
(noun)
neuter, singular of cāturvarṇya
cāturvarṇya - the system of four classes (brāhmaṇa, kṣatriya, vaiśya, śūdra), the four classes (cāturvarṇya)
From 'caturvarṇa' (four classes) + '-ya' suffix.
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (catur+varṇa)
- catur – four
numeral - varṇa – color, class, order, caste
noun (masculine)
From root 'vṛ' (to cover, choose).
Root: vṛ (class 5)
Note: The context implies it is a subject, hence nominative.
त्रयः (trayaḥ) - three
(numeral)
लोकाः (lokāḥ) - worlds, realms (worlds, realms, people)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of loka
loka - world, realm, people, space
From root 'lok' (to see, perceive).
Root: lok (class 10)
चत्वारः (catvāraḥ) - four
(numeral)
च (ca) - and (and, also)
(indeclinable)
Conjunction.
आश्रमाः (āśramāḥ) - stages of life (āśramas) (stages of life, hermitages, religious resorts)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of āśrama
āśrama - hermitage, a stage of life (āśrama), religious order
From prefix 'ā-' + root 'śram' (to toil, exert).
Prefix: ā
Root: śram (class 4)
पृथक् (pṛthak) - distinctly (separately, distinctly, individually)
(indeclinable)
Adverb.
Root: pṛth
भूतम् (bhūtam) - the past (what has been) (past, what has been, creature, element)
(adjective)
Nominative, neuter, singular of bhūta
bhūta - been, become, past, creature, element
Past Passive Participle
From root 'bhū' (to be, become) + '-ta' suffix.
Root: bhū (class 1)
Note: Functions as a noun here.
भव्यम् (bhavyam) - the present (what is) (future, what will be, ought to be, excellent)
(adjective)
Nominative, neuter, singular of bhavya
bhavya - future, what is to be, proper, excellent, good
gerundive (potential passive participle)
From root 'bhū' (to be, become) + '-ya' suffix.
Root: bhū (class 1)
Note: Functions as a noun here.
भविष्यम् (bhaviṣyam) - the future (what will be) (future, what will be, destined to be)
(adjective)
Nominative, neuter, singular of bhaviṣyat
bhaviṣyat - being about to be, future, what will be
Future Active Participle
From root 'bhū' (to be, become) + '-iṣyat' suffix.
Root: bhū (class 1)
Note: Functions as a noun here.
च (ca) - and (and, also)
(indeclinable)
Conjunction.
सर्वम् (sarvam) - all (these things) (all, everything, whole)
(pronoun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of sarva
sarva - all, every, whole, entire
Neuter singular nominative/accusative form.
वेदात् (vedāt) - from the Veda
(noun)
Ablative, masculine, singular of veda
veda - sacred knowledge, the Veda, revelation
Derived from root 'vid' (to know).
Root: vid (class 2)
Note: Indicates source or origin.
प्रसिध्यति (prasidhyati) - is established (is accomplished, succeeds, is established, is proved)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of prasidh
Present Active
From prefix 'pra-' + root 'sidh' (to accomplish, succeed).
Prefix: pra
Root: sidh (class 4)