मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-12, verse-20
यद्याचरति धर्मं स प्रायशोऽधर्ममल्पशः ।
तैरेव चावृतो भूतैः स्वर्गे सुखमुपाश्नुते ॥२०॥
तैरेव चावृतो भूतैः स्वर्गे सुखमुपाश्नुते ॥२०॥
20. yadyācarati dharmaṁ sa prāyaśo'dharmamalpaśaḥ ,
taireva cāvṛto bhūtaiḥ svarge sukhamupāśnute.
taireva cāvṛto bhūtaiḥ svarge sukhamupāśnute.
20.
yadi ācarati dharmam saḥ prāyaśaḥ adharmam alpaśaḥ
taiḥ eva ca āvṛtaḥ bhūtaiḥ svarge sukham upāśnute
taiḥ eva ca āvṛtaḥ bhūtaiḥ svarge sukham upāśnute
20.
yadi saḥ prāyaśaḥ dharmam alpaśaḥ adharmam ca ācarati,
taiḥ eva bhūtaiḥ āvṛtaḥ ca svarge sukham upāśnute
taiḥ eva bhūtaiḥ āvṛtaḥ ca svarge sukham upāśnute
20.
If he predominantly practices righteousness (dharma) and only a little unrighteousness (adharma), then, enveloped by those very subtle elements, he experiences happiness in heaven.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- यदि (yadi) - introduces a conditional clause (if)
- आचरति (ācarati) - practices or observes (dharma/adharma) (practices, performs, behaves)
- धर्मम् (dharmam) - righteous action, moral conduct (righteousness, virtue, duty)
- सः (saḥ) - the individual person (he, that one)
- प्रायशः (prāyaśaḥ) - mostly, predominantly, generally
- अधर्मम् (adharmam) - unrighteous action, transgression (unrighteousness, injustice, evil)
- अल्पशः (alpaśaḥ) - little, rarely, slightly
- तैः (taiḥ) - by those subtle elements that are the consequences of his deeds (by those)
- एव (eva) - emphasizing 'those elements' (only, just, indeed, very)
- च (ca) - and
- आवृतः (āvṛtaḥ) - enveloped by the subtle body/consequences of his actions (covered, enveloped, surrounded)
- भूतैः (bhūtaiḥ) - by the subtle elements forming the subtle body, or the consequences (fruits) of actions (by the elements, by the beings)
- स्वर्गे (svarge) - in heaven
- सुखम् (sukham) - happiness, pleasure
- उपाश्नुते (upāśnute) - experiences, enjoys, attains
Words meanings and morphology
यदि (yadi) - introduces a conditional clause (if)
(indeclinable)
आचरति (ācarati) - practices or observes (dharma/adharma) (practices, performs, behaves)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, present indicative (laṭ) of ā-car
present indicative
Prefix: ā
Root: car (class 1)
Note: Subject is 'saḥ'.
धर्मम् (dharmam) - righteous action, moral conduct (righteousness, virtue, duty)
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of dharma
dharma - righteousness, duty, moral law, intrinsic nature, natural law
Root: dhṛ (class 1)
Note: Object of 'ācarati'.
सः (saḥ) - the individual person (he, that one)
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of tad
tad - that, he, she, it
Note: Subject of 'ācarati' and 'upāśnute'.
प्रायशः (prāyaśaḥ) - mostly, predominantly, generally
(indeclinable)
adverbial suffix -śas
Note: Modifies 'ācarati' in relation to 'dharmam'.
अधर्मम् (adharmam) - unrighteous action, transgression (unrighteousness, injustice, evil)
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of adharma
adharma - unrighteousness, injustice, impiety, evil
Compound type : tatpurusha (a+dharma)
- a – not, non-
indeclinable
negative prefix - dharma – righteousness, duty
noun (masculine)
Root: dhṛ (class 1)
Note: Object of 'ācarati'.
अल्पशः (alpaśaḥ) - little, rarely, slightly
(indeclinable)
adverbial suffix -śas
Note: Modifies 'ācarati' in relation to 'adharmam'.
तैः (taiḥ) - by those subtle elements that are the consequences of his deeds (by those)
(pronoun)
Instrumental, masculine, plural of tad
tad - that, he, she, it
Note: Agrees with 'bhūtaiḥ'.
एव (eva) - emphasizing 'those elements' (only, just, indeed, very)
(indeclinable)
च (ca) - and
(indeclinable)
Note: Conjunction.
आवृतः (āvṛtaḥ) - enveloped by the subtle body/consequences of his actions (covered, enveloped, surrounded)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of āvṛta
āvṛta - covered, enveloped, surrounded
past passive participle
from ā-vṛ (to cover)
Prefix: ā
Root: vṛ (class 5)
Note: Qualifies 'saḥ'.
भूतैः (bhūtaiḥ) - by the subtle elements forming the subtle body, or the consequences (fruits) of actions (by the elements, by the beings)
(noun)
Instrumental, masculine, plural of bhūta
bhūta - element, being, creature, past
Root: bhū (class 1)
Note: Refers to the subtle body or subtle consequences.
स्वर्गे (svarge) - in heaven
(noun)
Locative, masculine, singular of svarga
svarga - heaven, paradise
Note: Place where happiness is experienced.
सुखम् (sukham) - happiness, pleasure
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of sukha
sukha - happiness, pleasure, ease
Note: Object of 'upāśnute'.
उपाश्नुते (upāśnute) - experiences, enjoys, attains
(verb)
3rd person , singular, middle, present indicative (laṭ) of upa-aś
present indicative
Prefix: upa
Root: aś (class 5)
Note: Subject is 'saḥ'.