मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-12, verse-28
यत तु दुःखसमायुक्तमप्रीतिकरमात्मनः ।
तद रजो प्रतीपं विद्यात सततं हारि देहिनाम ॥२८॥
तद रजो प्रतीपं विद्यात सततं हारि देहिनाम ॥२८॥
28. yat tu duḥkhasamāyuktamaprītikaramātmanaḥ ,
tad rajo pratīpaṁ vidyāt satataṁ hāri dehinām.
tad rajo pratīpaṁ vidyāt satataṁ hāri dehinām.
28.
yat tu duḥkhasamāyuktam aprītikaram ātmanaḥ
tat rajaḥ pratīpam vidyāt satatam hāri dehinām
tat rajaḥ pratīpam vidyāt satatam hāri dehinām
28.
yat tu duḥkhasamāyuktam ātmanaḥ aprītikaram
tat rajaḥ pratīpam satatam dehinām hāri vidyāt
tat rajaḥ pratīpam satatam dehinām hāri vidyāt
28.
But that which is associated with sorrow and is displeasing to the self (ātman), that one should understand to be rajas, which is contrary [to peace] and continuously captivating to embodied beings.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- यत् (yat) - which, whatever
- तु (tu) - but, indeed, on the other hand
- दुःखसमायुक्तम् (duḥkhasamāyuktam) - associated with sorrow, joined with suffering
- अप्रीतिकरम् (aprītikaram) - displeasing, causing unhappiness
- आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - to the self, of the self
- तत् (tat) - that (which brings sorrow) (that)
- रजः (rajaḥ) - passion, activity, the rajas quality
- प्रतीपम् (pratīpam) - contrary (to peace or happiness) (contrary, adverse, hostile, opposite)
- विद्यात् (vidyāt) - one should know, one should understand
- सततम् (satatam) - continuously, always, constantly
- हारि (hāri) - captivating, attractive, charming
- देहिनाम् (dehinām) - of embodied beings, for embodied beings
Words meanings and morphology
यत् (yat) - which, whatever
(pronoun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of yad
yad - which, what, whatever, that which
Note: Corresponds to 'tat' later in the verse.
तु (tu) - but, indeed, on the other hand
(indeclinable)
दुःखसमायुक्तम् (duḥkhasamāyuktam) - associated with sorrow, joined with suffering
(adjective)
Nominative, neuter, singular of duḥkhasamāyukta
duḥkhasamāyukta - joined with sorrow, afflicted with suffering
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (duḥkha+samāyukta)
- duḥkha – sorrow, pain, suffering, misery
noun (neuter) - samāyukta – well-joined, completely connected, associated, united
adjective (neuter)
Past Passive Participle
Derived from root yuj with prefix sam and ā.
Prefixes: sam+ā
Root: yuj (class 7)
अप्रीतिकरम् (aprītikaram) - displeasing, causing unhappiness
(adjective)
Nominative, neuter, singular of aprītikara
aprītikara - causing unhappiness, disagreeable, unpleasant, displeasing
Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+prītikara)
- prītikara – causing pleasure, giving joy
adjective (neuter)
From prīti (pleasure) + kara (making).
Root: kṛ (class 8)
आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - to the self, of the self
(noun)
Genitive, masculine, singular of ātman
ātman - self, soul, spirit, individual soul, supreme soul
Root: an (class 2)
Note: Genitive singular of 'ātman', here used with a dative sense.
तत् (tat) - that (which brings sorrow) (that)
(pronoun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of tad
tad - that, that one, it
Note: Corresponds to 'yat'.
रजः (rajaḥ) - passion, activity, the rajas quality
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of rajas
rajas - dust, gloom, passion, activity, the quality of dynamism
Root: rañj (class 1)
Note: Visarga after final 's' of 'rajas'.
प्रतीपम् (pratīpam) - contrary (to peace or happiness) (contrary, adverse, hostile, opposite)
(adjective)
Nominative, neuter, singular of pratīpa
pratīpa - contrary, opposite, adverse, hostile, reverse
Prefix: prati
Root: i (class 2)
Note: Modifies 'rajaḥ'.
विद्यात् (vidyāt) - one should know, one should understand
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of vid
Optative Mood, Parasmaipada, 3rd Person Singular
From root vid (to know), vidyāt is the optative form.
Root: vid (class 2)
सततम् (satatam) - continuously, always, constantly
(indeclinable)
Adverbial accusative of adjective 'satata'.
Root: tan (class 8)
Note: Functions adverbially, modifying 'hāri'.
हारि (hāri) - captivating, attractive, charming
(adjective)
Nominative, neuter, singular of hārin
hārin - carrying off, removing, charming, attractive, captivating
Agent noun suffix.
Derived from root hṛ (to take, to charm).
Root: hṛ (class 1)
Note: Modifies 'rajaḥ'.
देहिनाम् (dehinām) - of embodied beings, for embodied beings
(noun)
Genitive, masculine, plural of dehin
dehin - embodied, living being, individual soul
Derived from deha (body) + in (possessive suffix).
Root: dih (class 4)
Note: Genitive plural of 'dehin', implying a dative sense 'for embodied beings'.