मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-12, verse-23
एता दृष्ट्वाऽस्य जीवस्य गतीः स्वेनैव चेतसा ।
धर्मतोऽधर्मतश्चैव धर्मे दध्यात सदा मनः ॥२३॥
धर्मतोऽधर्मतश्चैव धर्मे दध्यात सदा मनः ॥२३॥
23. etā dṛṣṭvā'sya jīvasya gatīḥ svenaiva cetasā ,
dharmato'dharmataścaiva dharme dadhyāt sadā manaḥ.
dharmato'dharmataścaiva dharme dadhyāt sadā manaḥ.
23.
etāḥ dṛṣṭvā asya jīvasya gatīḥ svena eva cetasā
dharmataḥ adharmataḥ ca eva dharme dadhyāt sadā manaḥ
dharmataḥ adharmataḥ ca eva dharme dadhyāt sadā manaḥ
23.
asya jīvasya etāḥ gatīḥ svena eva cetasā dharmataḥ adharmataḥ ca eva dṛṣṭvā,
sadā manaḥ dharme dadhyāt
sadā manaḥ dharme dadhyāt
23.
Observing these different courses of this living being (jīva) with one's own mind, whether they arise from adherence to natural law (dharma) or from its transgression, one should always fix the mind upon natural law (dharma).
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- एताः (etāḥ) - these
- दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, having observed
- अस्य (asya) - of this (living being) (of this, his)
- जीवस्य (jīvasya) - of the living being, of life
- गतीः (gatīḥ) - different courses/destinies (courses, states, destinies, movements)
- स्वेन (svena) - by one's own
- एव (eva) - only, just, indeed
- चेतसा (cetasā) - by the mind, with the thought
- धर्मतः (dharmataḥ) - from adherence to natural law (dharma) (from dharma, by dharma, according to dharma)
- अधर्मतः (adharmataḥ) - from transgression of natural law (from adharma, by adharma, according to adharma)
- च (ca) - and
- एव (eva) - only, just, indeed
- धर्मे (dharme) - upon natural law (dharma) (in dharma, on dharma)
- दध्यात् (dadhyāt) - one should fix (the mind) (one should place, one should fix, one should hold)
- सदा (sadā) - always, ever
- मनः (manaḥ) - mind, intellect, thought
Words meanings and morphology
एताः (etāḥ) - these
(pronoun)
Accusative, feminine, plural of etad
etad - this, these
Note: Feminine plural accusative of 'etad'
दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, having observed
(indeclinable)
absolutive/gerund
From root dṛś 'to see', with suffix -tvā
Root: dṛś (class 1)
अस्य (asya) - of this (living being) (of this, his)
(pronoun)
Genitive, masculine, singular of idam
idam - this
Note: Masculine singular genitive of 'idam'
जीवस्य (jīvasya) - of the living being, of life
(noun)
Genitive, masculine, singular of jīva
jīva - living, alive; a living being, soul, individual soul
From root jīv 'to live'
Root: jīv (class 1)
गतीः (gatīḥ) - different courses/destinies (courses, states, destinies, movements)
(noun)
Accusative, feminine, plural of gati
gati - going, movement, course, fate, destiny, state
From root gam 'to go'
Root: gam (class 1)
स्वेन (svena) - by one's own
(pronoun)
Instrumental, neuter, singular of sva
sva - one's own, self
Note: Can be masculine or neuter for instrumental singular
एव (eva) - only, just, indeed
(indeclinable)
Note: Emphatic particle
चेतसा (cetasā) - by the mind, with the thought
(noun)
Instrumental, neuter, singular of cetas
cetas - mind, intellect, consciousness
Root: cit (class 1)
धर्मतः (dharmataḥ) - from adherence to natural law (dharma) (from dharma, by dharma, according to dharma)
(indeclinable)
Suffix -tas denoting 'from, by way of'
अधर्मतः (adharmataḥ) - from transgression of natural law (from adharma, by adharma, according to adharma)
(indeclinable)
Suffix -tas denoting 'from, by way of'
Compound type : nah-tatpurusha (a+dharma)
- a – not, non-
indeclinable - dharma – constitution, natural law, duty, righteousness
noun (masculine)
From root dhṛ 'to uphold, support'
Root: dhṛ (class 1)
च (ca) - and
(indeclinable)
Note: Conjunction
एव (eva) - only, just, indeed
(indeclinable)
Note: Emphatic particle
धर्मे (dharme) - upon natural law (dharma) (in dharma, on dharma)
(noun)
Locative, masculine, singular of dharma
dharma - constitution, natural law, duty, righteousness, virtue
From root dhṛ 'to uphold, support'
Root: dhṛ (class 1)
दध्यात् (dadhyāt) - one should fix (the mind) (one should place, one should fix, one should hold)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of dhā
Root: dhā (class 3)
Note: From root dhā 'to place/fix', optative 3rd singular
सदा (sadā) - always, ever
(indeclinable)
मनः (manaḥ) - mind, intellect, thought
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of manas
manas - mind, intellect, thought, heart
Root: man (class 4)