मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-12, verse-113
एकोऽपि वेदविद धर्मं यं व्यवस्येद द्विजोत्तमः ।
स विज्ञेयः परो धर्मो नाज्ञानामुदितोऽयुतैः ॥११३॥
स विज्ञेयः परो धर्मो नाज्ञानामुदितोऽयुतैः ॥११३॥
113. eko'pi vedavid dharmaṁ yaṁ vyavasyed dvijottamaḥ ,
sa vijñeyaḥ paro dharmo nājñānāmudito'yutaiḥ.
sa vijñeyaḥ paro dharmo nājñānāmudito'yutaiḥ.
113.
ekaḥ api vedavit dharmam yam vyavasyet dvijottamaḥ |
saḥ vijñeyaḥ paraḥ dharmaḥ na ajñānām uditaḥ ayutaiḥ
saḥ vijñeyaḥ paraḥ dharmaḥ na ajñānām uditaḥ ayutaiḥ
113.
ekaḥ api vedavit dvijottamaḥ yam dharmam vyavasyet
saḥ paraḥ dharmaḥ vijñeyaḥ ajñānām ayutaiḥ uditaḥ na
saḥ paraḥ dharmaḥ vijñeyaḥ ajñānām ayutaiḥ uditaḥ na
113.
Even a single excellent individual among the twice-born (dvija) who is a knower of the Vedas may determine a natural law (dharma). That law (dharma) should be considered supreme, and not what is declared by tens of thousands of ignorant persons.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- एकः (ekaḥ) - one, a single
- अपि (api) - even, also, too
- वेदवित् (vedavit) - knower of the Vedas, learned in the Vedas
- धर्मम् (dharmam) - the natural law (dharma) (law, righteousness, duty, natural law, constitution)
- यम् (yam) - which, whom
- व्यवस्येत् (vyavasyet) - should determine, should settle, should decide
- द्विजोत्तमः (dvijottamaḥ) - best among the twice-born (dvija) (best among the twice-born, excellent brāhmaṇa)
- सः (saḥ) - that, he
- विज्ञेयः (vijñeyaḥ) - should be known, knowable, to be understood
- परः (paraḥ) - supreme, highest, ultimate
- धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - the natural law (dharma) (law, righteousness, duty, natural law)
- न (na) - not, no
- अज्ञानाम् (ajñānām) - of the ignorant, by the ignorant
- उदितः (uditaḥ) - declared, spoken (declared, spoken, risen)
- अयुतैः (ayutaiḥ) - by tens of thousands, by innumerable people
Words meanings and morphology
एकः (ekaḥ) - one, a single
(numeral)
अपि (api) - even, also, too
(indeclinable)
वेदवित् (vedavit) - knower of the Vedas, learned in the Vedas
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of vedavid
vedavid - knower of the Vedas, learned in sacred knowledge
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (veda+vid)
- veda – Veda, sacred knowledge
noun (masculine)
Root: vid (class 2) - vid – knower, knowing
adjective (masculine)
agent noun
From root vid
Root: vid (class 2)
धर्मम् (dharmam) - the natural law (dharma) (law, righteousness, duty, natural law, constitution)
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of dharma
dharma - righteousness, duty, law, justice, virtue, natural law, intrinsic nature, essential nature, innate nature
Derived from root dhṛ (to hold, support)
Root: dhṛ (class 1)
यम् (yam) - which, whom
(pronoun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of yad
yad - which, what
Note: Refers to 'dharmam'
व्यवस्येत् (vyavasyet) - should determine, should settle, should decide
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of vyavasya
Prefixes: vi+ava
Root: so (class 4)
द्विजोत्तमः (dvijottamaḥ) - best among the twice-born (dvija) (best among the twice-born, excellent brāhmaṇa)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of dvijottama
dvijottama - best among the twice-born (dvija), an excellent brāhmaṇa
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dvija+uttama)
- dvija – twice-born (referring to brāhmaṇa, kṣatriya, vaiśya, sometimes bird or tooth)
noun (masculine)
Root: jan (class 4) - uttama – best, highest, excellent
adjective (masculine)
सः (saḥ) - that, he
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of tad
tad - that, he, she, it
Note: Refers to 'dharmaḥ'
विज्ञेयः (vijñeyaḥ) - should be known, knowable, to be understood
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of vijñeya
vijñeya - to be known, knowable, discernible, understood
Gerundive
Future Passive Participle/Gerundive from root jñā with prefix vi
Prefix: vi
Root: jñā (class 9)
Note: Refers to dharmaḥ
परः (paraḥ) - supreme, highest, ultimate
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of para
para - supreme, ultimate, highest, other
Note: Refers to dharmaḥ
धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - the natural law (dharma) (law, righteousness, duty, natural law)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of dharma
dharma - righteousness, duty, law, justice, virtue, natural law, intrinsic nature, essential nature, innate nature
Derived from root dhṛ (to hold, support)
Root: dhṛ (class 1)
न (na) - not, no
(indeclinable)
अज्ञानाम् (ajñānām) - of the ignorant, by the ignorant
(noun)
Genitive, masculine, plural of ajñāna
ajñāna - ignorant, foolish, without knowledge
Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+jñāna)
- a – not, non
prefix - jñāna – knowledge, wisdom
noun (neuter)
Root: jñā (class 9)
Note: Can be interpreted as genitive of agent with passive participle 'uditaḥ'
उदितः (uditaḥ) - declared, spoken (declared, spoken, risen)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of udita
udita - said, spoken, declared, risen
Past Passive Participle
From root vad (to speak) with prefix ud
Prefix: ud
Root: vad (class 1)
Note: Refers to dharmaḥ
अयुतैः (ayutaiḥ) - by tens of thousands, by innumerable people
(numeral)
Note: Agent with passive participle 'uditaḥ'