मनु-स्मृतिः manu-smṛtiḥ - chapter-12, verse-12

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योऽस्यात्मनः कारयिता तं क्षेत्रज्ञं प्रचक्षते ।
यः करोति तु कर्माणि स भूतात्मोच्यते बुधैः ॥१२॥

12. yo'syātmanaḥ kārayitā taṁ kṣetrajñaṁ pracakṣate ,
yaḥ karoti tu karmāṇi sa bhūtātmocyate budhaiḥ.

12. yaḥ asya ātmanaḥ kārayitā tam kṣetrajñam pracakṣate
yaḥ karoti tu karmāṇi saḥ bhūtātmā ucyate budhaiḥ

12. yaḥ asya ātmanaḥ kārayitā,
tam kṣetrajñam pracakṣate; tu yaḥ karmāṇi karoti,
saḥ budhaiḥ bhūtātmā ucyate

12. The one who directs this individual (ātman) to act, they designate as the "knower of the field" (kṣetrajña). However, he who actually performs the actions (karma) is referred to by the wise as the "embodied soul" (bhūtātman).

Words meanings summery:

(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)

यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever

अस्य (asya) - of this (individual) (of this, his)

आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - of the individual self (ātman) (of the self, of the soul)

कारयिता (kārayitā) - the director, the impeller of action (one who causes to act, instigator, agent)

तम् (tam) - him, that

क्षेत्रज्ञम् (kṣetrajñam) - the ultimate consciousness that knows the physical body/mind as its field (kṣetrajña) (the knower of the field)

प्रचक्षते (pracakṣate) - they call, they designate, they declare

यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever

करोति (karoti) - he does, he makes, he performs

तु (tu) - however, contrasting the two entities (but, on the other hand, indeed)

कर्माणि (karmāṇi) - actions (karma) (actions, deeds, rituals)

सः (saḥ) - he, that

भूतात्मा (bhūtātmā) - the individual embodied soul (bhūtātman) (soul of beings, embodied soul)

उच्यते (ucyate) - is called, is said

बुधैः (budhaiḥ) - by knowledgeable sages (by the wise, by the intelligent)

Words meanings and morphology

यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, what, who, that

Note: Subject of the clause.

अस्य (asya) - of this (individual) (of this, his)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, these, he, she, it

Note: Modifies ātmanaḥ.

आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - of the individual self (ātman) (of the self, of the soul)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, spirit, essence, life, mind

Root: an (class 2)

Note: The object of kārayitā (who causes this self to act).

कारयिता (kārayitā) - the director, the impeller of action (one who causes to act, instigator, agent)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kārayitṛ

kārayitṛ - instigator, impeller, one who causes to do/act

Agent noun (causative)

From causative stem of kṛ (to do, make), kāray + agent suffix tṛ.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Predicate nominative for yaḥ.

तम् (tam) - him, that

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Object of pracakṣate.

क्षेत्रज्ञम् (kṣetrajñam) - the ultimate consciousness that knows the physical body/mind as its field (kṣetrajña) (the knower of the field)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kṣetrajña

kṣetrajña - knower of the field, the soul, the supreme spirit, consciousness

Formed from kṣetra (field, body) + jña (knower).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kṣetra+jña)

kṣetra – field, ground, body, place
noun (neuter)
Root: kṣi (class 1)
jña – knowing, knowing about, a knower
adjective
From root jñā (to know).
Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Object complement of pracakṣate.

प्रचक्षते (pracakṣate) - they call, they designate, they declare

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present (laṭ) of pracakṣ

Present Middle

From root cakṣ (to see, to say) with prefix pra. Middle voice, third person plural.

Prefix: pra

Root: cakṣ (class 2)

Note: Impersonal plural, "they (people in general) say/call."

यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, what, who, that

Note: Subject of the second clause.

करोति (karoti) - he does, he makes, he performs

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of kṛ

Present Active

From root kṛ (to do, make), 8th conjugation, active voice, third person singular.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

तु (tu) - however, contrasting the two entities (but, on the other hand, indeed)

(indeclinable)

कर्माणि (karmāṇi) - actions (karma) (actions, deeds, rituals)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of karman

karman - action, deed, work, ritual, fate

From root kṛ (to do, make) + suffix man.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Object of karoti.

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Subject of the clause.

भूतात्मा (bhūtātmā) - the individual embodied soul (bhūtātman) (soul of beings, embodied soul)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhūtātman

bhūtātman - the soul of beings, the individual soul, the embodied spirit

Formed from bhūta (being, creature) + ātman (self, soul).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bhūta+ātman)

bhūta – being, creature, element
noun (neuter)
Past Passive Participle
From root bhū (to be, become).
Root: bhū (class 1)
ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence
noun (masculine)
Root: an (class 2)

Note: Predicate nominative of ucyate.

उच्यते (ucyate) - is called, is said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of vac

Present Passive

From root vac (to speak), 2nd conjugation, passive voice, third person singular. Root vac undergoes samprasāraṇa (vc -> uc) in passive forms.

Root: vac (class 2)

बुधैः (budhaiḥ) - by knowledgeable sages (by the wise, by the intelligent)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of budha

budha - wise, intelligent, learned person, sage

From root budh (to know, perceive).