मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-12, verse-33
लोभः स्वप्नोऽधृतिः क्रौर्यं नास्तिक्यं भिन्नवृत्तिता ।
याचिष्णुता प्रमादश्च तामसं गुणलक्षणम ॥३३॥
याचिष्णुता प्रमादश्च तामसं गुणलक्षणम ॥३३॥
33. lobhaḥ svapno'dhṛtiḥ krauryaṁ nāstikyaṁ bhinnavṛttitā ,
yāciṣṇutā pramādaśca tāmasaṁ guṇalakṣaṇam.
yāciṣṇutā pramādaśca tāmasaṁ guṇalakṣaṇam.
33.
lobhaḥ svapnaḥ adhṛtiḥ krauryam nāstikyam bhinnavṛttitā
yāciṣṇutā pramādaḥ ca tāmasam guṇalakṣaṇam
yāciṣṇutā pramādaḥ ca tāmasam guṇalakṣaṇam
33.
lobhaḥ svapnaḥ adhṛtiḥ krauryam nāstikyam bhinnavṛttitā
yāciṣṇutā pramādaḥ ca tāmasam guṇalakṣaṇam
yāciṣṇutā pramādaḥ ca tāmasam guṇalakṣaṇam
33.
Greed, excessive sleep, lack of resolve, cruelty, disbelief (nāstikyam), wavering conduct, importunity, and heedlessness are the characteristics of the tamasic quality (guṇa).
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- लोभः (lobhaḥ) - greed, covetousness
- स्वप्नः (svapnaḥ) - here implies excessive sleep, lethargy, or indolence, characteristic of tamas (sleep, dream)
- अधृतिः (adhṛtiḥ) - want of firmness, instability, indecision, lack of resolve
- क्रौर्यम् (krauryam) - cruelty, harshness
- नास्तिक्यम् (nāstikyam) - rejection of traditional religious or spiritual beliefs, specifically the authority of the Vedas or the concept of an afterlife (disbelief, atheism, skepticism (regarding Vedic authority or spiritual principles))
- भिन्नवृत्तिता (bhinnavṛttitā) - wavering conduct, fickleness, inconsistent behavior
- याचिष्णुता (yāciṣṇutā) - begging, importunity, tendency to ask for things
- प्रमादः (pramādaḥ) - spiritual heedlessness or forgetfulness of one's true nature (carelessness, negligence, delusion, error)
- च (ca) - and
- तामसम् (tāmasam) - characteristic of the quality of tamas (tamasic, pertaining to tamas)
- गुणलक्षणम् (guṇalakṣaṇam) - the defining characteristic of a specific (guṇa) (characteristic of a quality)
Words meanings and morphology
लोभः (lobhaḥ) - greed, covetousness
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of lobha
lobha - greed, covetousness, desire
Root: lubh (class 4)
स्वप्नः (svapnaḥ) - here implies excessive sleep, lethargy, or indolence, characteristic of tamas (sleep, dream)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of svapna
svapna - sleep, dream, slumber, lethargy
Root: svap (class 2)
अधृतिः (adhṛtiḥ) - want of firmness, instability, indecision, lack of resolve
(noun)
Nominative, feminine, singular of adhṛti
adhṛti - want of firmness, impatience, irresolution, instability
Derived from a-dhṛti (lack of dhṛti, firmness/resolve)
Compound type : nah-tatpurusha (a+dhṛti)
- a – not, non-, un-
indeclinable
Negative prefix - dhṛti – firmness, resolution, patience, fortitude
noun (feminine)
Root: dhṛ (class 1)
Note: The initial `a` is the negative prefix.
क्रौर्यम् (krauryam) - cruelty, harshness
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of kraurya
kraurya - cruelty, fierceness, harshness
Derived from krūra (cruel)
नास्तिक्यम् (nāstikyam) - rejection of traditional religious or spiritual beliefs, specifically the authority of the Vedas or the concept of an afterlife (disbelief, atheism, skepticism (regarding Vedic authority or spiritual principles))
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of nāstikya
nāstikya - atheism, disbelief, impiety, rejection of Vedic authority
Derived from nāstika (one who says 'nāsti' or 'it is not')
भिन्नवृत्तिता (bhinnavṛttitā) - wavering conduct, fickleness, inconsistent behavior
(noun)
Nominative, feminine, singular of bhinnavṛttitā
bhinnavṛttitā - broken conduct, inconsistent behavior, fickleness
Derived from bhinna-vṛtti (broken/divided conduct) + -tā (suffix)
Compound type : tatpurusha (bhinna+vṛtti+-tā)
- bhinna – broken, divided, distinct, changed
adjective
Past Passive Participle
Past Passive Participle of root bhid (to break)
Root: bhid (class 7) - vṛtti – conduct, mode of being, activity
noun (feminine)
Root: vṛt (class 1) - tā – state of being, -ness, -ity
suffix (feminine)
Abstract noun forming suffix
याचिष्णुता (yāciṣṇutā) - begging, importunity, tendency to ask for things
(noun)
Nominative, feminine, singular of yāciṣṇutā
yāciṣṇutā - begging, importunity, soliciting
Derived from yāciṣṇu (given to begging) + -tā (suffix)
प्रमादः (pramādaḥ) - spiritual heedlessness or forgetfulness of one's true nature (carelessness, negligence, delusion, error)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of pramāda
pramāda - negligence, carelessness, delusion, intoxication, error
Prefix: pra
Root: mad (class 4)
च (ca) - and
(indeclinable)
Note: Connects the last element of the list.
तामसम् (tāmasam) - characteristic of the quality of tamas (tamasic, pertaining to tamas)
(adjective)
Nominative, neuter, singular of tāmasa
tāmasa - tamasic, dark, ignorant, dull, pertaining to tamas (guṇa)
Derived from tamas with the suffix -a
Note: Agrees with `guṇalakṣaṇam`.
गुणलक्षणम् (guṇalakṣaṇam) - the defining characteristic of a specific (guṇa) (characteristic of a quality)
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of guṇalakṣaṇa
guṇalakṣaṇa - characteristic of a quality, mark of a constituent
Compound type : tatpurusha (guṇa+lakṣaṇa)
- guṇa – quality, constituent of nature
noun (masculine) - lakṣaṇa – mark, sign, characteristic, definition
noun (neuter)
Root: lakṣ (class 10)
Note: Predicate nominative; 'asti' (is) is implied.