मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-12, verse-21
यदि तु प्रायशोऽधर्मं सेवते धर्ममल्पशः ।
तैर्भूतैः स परित्यक्तो यामीः प्राप्नोति यातनाः ॥२१॥
तैर्भूतैः स परित्यक्तो यामीः प्राप्नोति यातनाः ॥२१॥
21. yadi tu prāyaśo'dharmaṁ sevate dharmamalpaśaḥ ,
tairbhūtaiḥ sa parityakto yāmīḥ prāpnoti yātanāḥ.
tairbhūtaiḥ sa parityakto yāmīḥ prāpnoti yātanāḥ.
21.
yadi tu prāyaśaḥ adharmam sevate dharmam alpaśaḥ
taiḥ bhūtaiḥ saḥ parityaktaḥ yāmīḥ prāpnoti yātanāḥ
taiḥ bhūtaiḥ saḥ parityaktaḥ yāmīḥ prāpnoti yātanāḥ
21.
yadi tu saḥ prāyaśaḥ adharmam alpaśaḥ dharmam sevate,
taiḥ bhūtaiḥ parityaktaḥ yāmīḥ yātanāḥ prāpnoti
taiḥ bhūtaiḥ parityaktaḥ yāmīḥ yātanāḥ prāpnoti
21.
But if he predominantly practices unrighteousness (adharma) and only a little righteousness (dharma), then, abandoned by those (beneficial subtle) elements, he attains the torments of Yama.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- यदि (yadi) - introduces a conditional clause (if)
- तु (tu) - introduces a contrasting condition (but, on the other hand, however)
- प्रायशः (prāyaśaḥ) - mostly, predominantly, generally
- अधर्मम् (adharmam) - unrighteous action, transgression (unrighteousness, injustice, evil)
- सेवते (sevate) - engages in, follows, practices (serves, practices, cultivates, indulges in)
- धर्मम् (dharmam) - righteous action, moral conduct (righteousness, virtue, duty)
- अल्पशः (alpaśaḥ) - little, rarely, slightly
- तैः (taiḥ) - by those beneficial subtle elements (from the previous verse) (by those)
- भूतैः (bhūtaiḥ) - by the subtle elements (that would have led to happiness) (by the elements, by the beings)
- सः (saḥ) - the individual person (he, that one)
- परित्यक्तः (parityaktaḥ) - forsaken by the beneficial subtle elements (forsaken, abandoned, deserted)
- यामीः (yāmīḥ) - of Yama, belonging to Yama (the lord of death)
- प्राप्नोति (prāpnoti) - attains, obtains, reaches
- यातनाः (yātanāḥ) - torments, tortures, pains
Words meanings and morphology
यदि (yadi) - introduces a conditional clause (if)
(indeclinable)
तु (tu) - introduces a contrasting condition (but, on the other hand, however)
(indeclinable)
प्रायशः (prāyaśaḥ) - mostly, predominantly, generally
(indeclinable)
adverbial suffix -śas
Note: Modifies 'sevate' in relation to 'adharmam'.
अधर्मम् (adharmam) - unrighteous action, transgression (unrighteousness, injustice, evil)
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of adharma
adharma - unrighteousness, injustice, impiety, evil
Compound type : tatpurusha (a+dharma)
- a – not, non-
indeclinable
negative prefix - dharma – righteousness, duty
noun (masculine)
Root: dhṛ (class 1)
Note: Object of 'sevate'.
सेवते (sevate) - engages in, follows, practices (serves, practices, cultivates, indulges in)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, middle, present indicative (laṭ) of sev
present indicative
Root: sev (class 1)
Note: Subject is 'saḥ'.
धर्मम् (dharmam) - righteous action, moral conduct (righteousness, virtue, duty)
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of dharma
dharma - righteousness, duty, moral law, intrinsic nature, natural law
Root: dhṛ (class 1)
Note: Object of 'sevate'.
अल्पशः (alpaśaḥ) - little, rarely, slightly
(indeclinable)
adverbial suffix -śas
Note: Modifies 'sevate' in relation to 'dharmam'.
तैः (taiḥ) - by those beneficial subtle elements (from the previous verse) (by those)
(pronoun)
Instrumental, masculine, plural of tad
tad - that, he, she, it
Note: Agrees with 'bhūtaiḥ'.
भूतैः (bhūtaiḥ) - by the subtle elements (that would have led to happiness) (by the elements, by the beings)
(noun)
Instrumental, masculine, plural of bhūta
bhūta - element, being, creature, past
Root: bhū (class 1)
Note: Refers to subtle body or consequences of good deeds.
सः (saḥ) - the individual person (he, that one)
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of tad
tad - that, he, she, it
Note: Subject of 'prāpnoti'.
परित्यक्तः (parityaktaḥ) - forsaken by the beneficial subtle elements (forsaken, abandoned, deserted)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of parityakta
parityakta - forsaken, abandoned, left
past passive participle
from pari-tyaj (to abandon)
Prefix: pari
Root: tyaj (class 1)
Note: Qualifies 'saḥ'.
यामीः (yāmīḥ) - of Yama, belonging to Yama (the lord of death)
(adjective)
Accusative, feminine, plural of yāmī
yāmī - relating to Yama, belonging to Yama, infernal
feminine stem of yāma
Note: Modifies 'yātanāḥ'.
प्राप्नोति (prāpnoti) - attains, obtains, reaches
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, present indicative (laṭ) of pra-āp
present indicative
Prefix: pra
Root: āp (class 5)
Note: Subject is 'saḥ'.
यातनाः (yātanāḥ) - torments, tortures, pains
(noun)
Accusative, feminine, plural of yātanā
yātanā - torture, torment, pain, punishment
Note: Object of 'prāpnoti'.